论精准扶贫与国家扶贫治理体系建构

On Targeted Poverty Reduction and Poverty Governance System Building

精准扶贫是新时期我国扶贫战略思想之一,也是提高扶贫开发效果的必然路径选择。通过阐述精准扶贫的内涵、外延和理论基础,分析我国改革开放以来实现精准扶贫和大规模减贫所经历的扶贫治理体系变迁过程。可见,在全面建成小康社会的关键时期,我国扶贫开发目标呈现多元化特点,扶贫治理体系围绕片区精准和个体精准建立了专项扶贫、行业扶贫和社会扶贫"三位一体"的扶贫战略格局。然而,由于体制机制等诸多因素,要实现精准扶贫目标仍面临不少挑战。

Targeted poverty reduction is at the forefront of China's pro- poor strategic thinking at this new stage and also an inevitable choice that may lead to better effects. This paper elaborates on the connotation and denotation of 'targeted poverty reduction' to create a theoretical foundation for the concept. It analyzes the evolution of China's anti- poverty governance system from massive poverty reduction to targeted poverty reduction since the founding of the PRC. At this critical period of building a well- off society in an all- round way,China's anti- poverty governance system,aiming at multiple goals,has formed a three- in- one strategic pattern,i. e.,integrating special poverty reduction programs,sector- based efforts and social- actor- based efforts into one,featuring area- targeted and individual- targeted poverty reduction. However,due to institutional and other restraints,there are still challenges to be faced with before the goals of targeted poverty reduction are fulfilled.