坚守与困境——从美国大学出版社看“学术出版”

Perseverance and Predicament:A View of “Scholarly Publishing”from the American University Presses

美国大学出版社的发展历程经历了早期的初创时期、20世纪40至50年代的第一次生存危机及关于大学出版社的大讨论、20世纪60年代的黄金时期及随之而来的第二次危机、危机中的突围及数字时代网络时代下的改革等阶段。美国大学出版社的历史与现状体现出四大特征:第一,坚持以学术出版为中心;第二,自身定位为不以盈利为目的的非营利性机构;第三,注重与同行以及其他相关机构和行业进行协作;第四,注重为地区服务,出版内容带有强烈的地区性。

The American university presses experienced four stages in its history of development: start-up period,the first survival crisis and the great debate on the University Press during the 1940 s to 1950 s,the golden age of the 1960 s and the ensuing second survival crisis,the crisis in the era of the digital age and the reform under it.There are four characteristics in the history of the American university presses: First,insisting on scholarly publishing as the main business; Second,positioning itself as a nonprofit institution; Third,emphasizing collaboration with their peers as well as other relevant agencies; Fourth,focusing on regional services.