儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的中医研究进展与展望

Progress and prospects of TCM research on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

中医学认为注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的诊断应以脏腑、阴阳辨证为纲,其病位主要责之于心、肝、脾、肾,病机关键在于脏腑功能失常及阴阳平衡失调,故治疗上应以调和阴阳为基本法则。临床上通过益肾填精、滋肾平肝、健脾养心,佐以清热、化痰、祛瘀等方法治疗ADHD获得了肯定疗效。但由于缺乏大样本、多中心、随机化的临床科研设计,且各项临床观察所采用的疾病诊断标准和观察指标存在差异等原因,部分临床报道的证据级别不高。

Chinese medicine believes that the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)should be based on the syndrome differentiation of viscera as well as yin and yang,and its location mainly lies in the heart,liver,spleen and kidney.The key to the pathogenesis lies in the dysfunction of viscera and the imbalance of yin and yang.Therefore,the treatment should be based on the principle of harmonizing yin and yang.Clinically it has acquired positive curative effect to treat ADHD by the therapeutic methods of tonifying the kidney and replenishing essence,nourishing the kidney and subduing hyperactivity of the liver,invigorating the spleen and nourishing the heart,accompanied by reducing fever,resolving phlegm and removing blood stasis.Due to the lack of large sample,multi-center,randomized clinical scientific research design,and the differences in disease diagnostic criteria and observation indicators used in various clinical observations,the evidence level of some clinical reports is not high.