父亲教育对中学生心理健康的影响研究

Father presence on the psychological health of middle school students

目的了解父亲教育对中学生心理健康的影响,为中学生心理干预提供依据。方法采用方便抽样方法抽取乌鲁木齐市4所中学24个班级的中学生,利用高翔等编制的《中学生心理健康自评量表》和蒲少华等编制的《父亲在位问卷》调查中学生心理健康和父亲参与家庭教育情况,采用多重线性回归模型分析中学生心理健康与父亲教育的相关性。结果共调查893名中学生,回收有效问卷804份,回收有效率为90.03%。中学生《父亲在位问卷》的感情得分为(3.66±0.79)分,感知得分为(3.50±0.72)分,身体互动得分为(3.43±0.95)分,父母关系得分为(3.67±0.87)分,母亲对父子关系的看法得分为(3.62±0.92)分;中学生心理健康的适应维度总分为(3.56±0.56)分,复原力维度总分为(3.72±0.71)分,困扰维度总分为(2.53±0.74)分。多重线性回归分析结果显示,感情(β'=0.174)、身体互动(β'=0.074)、父母关系(β'=0.099)、母亲对父子关系的看法(β'=0.316)和父亲学历(β'=-0.132)是中学生心理健康适应维度的影响因素;感情(β'=0.201)、感知(β'=0.129)、母亲对父子关系的看法(β'=0.211)和父亲学历(β'=0.126)是复原力维度的影响因素;感情(β'=-0.189)、父母关系(β'=-0.206)和父亲学历(β'=0.129)是困扰维度的影响因素。结论本次调查的中学生心理健康和父亲参与教养程度均处于中等水平,父亲学历、父亲参与教养程度、父母关系等可能影响中学生的心理健康。

Objective To understand the influence of father’s presence in parenting on the mental health of middle school students and to provide evidence for mental health intervention for adolescents. Methods A total of 893 students from 24 classes of 4 middle schools in Urumqi was selected by convenience sampling method. Chinese revision of Father Presence Questionnaire designed by Pu Shaohua et al and Self-rating Scale for Mental Health of Middle School Students designed by Gao Xiang et al were employed to collect the information. Linear regression model was used to analyze the association between the involvement of father in parenting and mental health of middle school students. Results There were 804 valid responses(90.03%). The scores of emotion, perception, physical interaction, relationship between parents and mother’s perception of father-son relationship of Father Presence Questionnaire were 3.66±0.79,3.50±0.72,3.43±0.95,3.67±0.87 and 3.62±0.92,respectively. The scores of adaptation,resilience and perplexity dimension of Self-rating Scale for Mental Health of Middle School Students were 3.56 ±0.56,3.72±0.71 and 2.53±0.74,respectively. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that emotion(β’=0.174), physical interaction(β’=0.074), relationship between parents(β’=0.099), mother’s perception of father-son relationship(β’=0.316) and education level of father(β’=-0.132) were influencing factors for the adaptation dimension;emotion(β’=0.201),perception(β’=0.129),mother’s perception of father-son relationship(β’=0.211) and education level of father(β’=0.126) were influencing factors for the resilience dimension;emotion(β’=-0.189), relationship between parents(β’=-0.206) and education level of father(β’=0.129) were influencing factors for the perplexity dimension. Conclusion The mental health of middle school students and the degree of their father’s participation in parenting were at moderate levels. Father’s educational background, the degree of participation in parenting and the relationship between parents could affect the mental health of middle school students.