2004—2017年长沙市焰火鞭炮产品制造业职业病诊断和职业病危害因素调查

Investigation on occupational diseases diagnosis and occupational hazards in fireworks and firecrackers manufacturing industry in Changsha City from 2004-2017

目的调查分析2004—2017年长沙市焰火鞭炮产品制造业职业病诊断和工作现场危害情况,为促进该行业尽快提高职业卫生管理意识和水平、切实保护劳动者职业健康提供科学依据。方法采用现场调查和回顾性分析的方法,对2004—2017年长沙市焰火鞭炮产品制造业诊断的17例职业病病例及其工作现场危害情况进行分析。结果 2004—2017年长沙市焰火鞭炮产品制造业共诊断17例职业病,其中职业性尘肺病8例、职业性急性重度甲醇中毒8例、职业性慢性重度苯中毒(骨髓增生异常综合征)1例。诊断病例预后差,2例死亡,3例失明,4例好转,8例病情无明显变化。诊断病例呈递增趋势。焰火鞭炮产品制造业工作现场职业病危害因素主要有铝粉尘、其他粉尘、甲醇、苯、甲苯等。工作现场检测或模拟检测结果:其他粉尘短时间接触浓度(C_(STEL))3.47～12.4 mg/m^3,时间加权平均浓度(C_(TWA))2.17～10.9 mg/m^3,苯C_(STEL)55.0～107.5mg/m^3,甲苯C_(STEL)275.0～780.0 mg/m^3,甲醇C_(STEL)572.2～3 655.8 mg/m^3。原料成分分析:苯4.6 g/kg,甲苯3.6 g/kg,甲醇7.6～8.3×10~5mg/L。结论焰火鞭炮产品制造业职业病危害因素种类多,危害后果严重,需进一步加强该行业职业卫生监管,提高企业职业卫生管理意识和水平,预防职业病发生。

[Objective]To investigate and analyze the occupational diseases diagnosis and occupational hazards in fireworks and firecrackers manufacturing industry in Changsha City from 2004-2017,provide scientific evidence for promoting the industry to raise awareness and level of occupational health management as soon as possible and to effectively protect workers’occupational health.[Methods]17 cases of occupational diseases diagnosed in fireworks and firecrackers manufacturing industry in Changsha City from 2004-2017 and occupational hazards in workplace were analyzed by using field investigation and retrospective analysis.[Results]From 2004-2017,17 occupational diseases were diagnosed in the fireworks and firecrackers manufacturing industry in Changsha City,including eight cases of occupational pneumoconiosis,eight occupational acute and severe methanol poisoning,and one occupational chronic and severe benzene poisoning(myelodysplastic syndrome).The diagnosed cases had poor prognosis,there were two death cases,three cases of blindness,four cases of improvement,and eight cases of no significant change in condition.The main occupational hazards in workplace included aluminum dust,other dust,methanol,benzene and toluene.Field test or simulation test results showed that the concentration-short term expose limit(CSTEL)and time weighted average concentration(CTWA)of other dust was 3.47-12.4 mg/m3 and 2.17-10.9 mg/m3 respectively,the CSTEL of benzene,toluene and methanol was 55.0-107.5 mg/m3,275.0-780.0 mg/m3 and 572.2-3 655.8 mg/m3,respectively.[Conclusion]There are many kinds of occupational hazards and serious consequences in the fireworks and firecrackers manufacturing industry.It is necessary to strengthen the occupational health supervision in this industry,raise the awareness and level of occupational health management so as to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.