南京市浦口区不同人群肺炎支原体感染的流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in different population in Pukou District of Nanjing City

目的调查不同人群肺炎支原体(MP)感染状况,探讨南京市浦口区MP感染的流行病学特征,为临床诊断及防治MP感染提供依据。方法对2016年1月—2017年12月在南京市浦口医院因呼吸道感染而就诊的18 212例门诊和住院患者采血检测MP-IgM抗体,对不同性别、不同年份、门诊与住院、不同月份和不同年龄段MP感染率进行统计分析。结果 2年共调查呼吸道感染患者18 212例,MP阳性为8 299例,感染率45.57%;女性感染率(47.51%)高于男性(43.72%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=26.37,P<0.05);2016年MP感染率(67.56%)显著高于2017年(35.51%);住院患者MP感染率为50.12%,门诊患者为43.42%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=71.78,P<0.05);全年MP感染最高的月份是1月(75.93%),最低月份是9月(30.97%);患者在<10岁随着年龄的增长MP感染率逐渐增高,之后随着年龄的增长MP感染率呈下降趋势,≥90岁年龄组人群MP感染率(38.74%)高于80～<90岁年龄组人群(29.52%),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.73,P>0.05),MP感染好发年龄为3～<9岁。结论 MP是南京市浦口区呼吸道感染的主要病原体,其流行病学特征有性别、年龄、门诊与住院、季节和年份的差异,学龄前儿童和学龄儿童为MP感染高发群体,12月—次年3月为MP感染高发月份。

[Objective]To investigate the status of mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)infection in different populations,and to explore the epidemiological characteristics of MP infection in Pukou District of Nanjing City,so as to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and prevention of MP infection.[Methods]From January 2016-December 2017,a total of 18 212 outpatients and inpatients with respiratory tract infection in Pukou Hospital of Nanjing were collected and tested for MP-IgM.The infection rate of MP in different genders,years,outpatient and inpatient,months and ages was analyzed statistically.[Results]Of totally 18 212 cases of respiratory tract infection were investigated in 2 years,8 299 cases were positive for MP with the positive rate of 45.57%.The infection rate of female was 47.51%,which was higher than that of male(43.72%),with significant difference(χ~2=26.37,P<0.05).The infection rate of MP in 2016(67.56%)was significantly higher than that in 2017(35.51%).MP infection rate was 50.12%in inpatients and43.42%in outpatients,with significant difference(χ~2=71.78,P<0.05).The highest monthly MP infection was January(75.93%),the lowest month was September(30.97%).The MP infection rate in patients aged from 0-10 years old gradually increased with the increase of age,and then decreased with the increase of age.The MP infection rate in the age group of 90 years old and above(38.74%)was higher than that in the age group of 80-<90 years old(29.52%),without significant difference(χ2=3.73,P>0.05).The age between 3 and 9 years old was the predilection age.[Conclusion]MP is the main pathogen of respiratory tract infection in Pukou District of Nanjing.Its epidemiological characteristics include sex,age,outpatient and inpatient,seasonal and year difference.Preschool and school-age children are the high incidence groups of MP infection.High incidence of MP infection is from December-March of the following year.