不同养老模式下我国5个地区老年人感恩与负债感现状

Status of gratitude and sense of debt of elderly under different old-age support models in five regions in China

目的分析老年人的感恩现状及不同养老模式下老年人的感恩和负债感是否存在差异,找出目前我国各养老模式的不足,并提出相应的改进方法。方法采用问卷调查及统计分析方法。结果 2017年12月—2018年2月,抽取中国5个地区的老年人针对机构养老、社区养老、居家合居养老、居家儿女赡养和居家独居养老等5种养老模式进行调查,共发放问卷309份,回收有效问卷306份,调查的老年人中,居家儿女赡养的最多,共138人,占45.1%;其次为居家独居养老,共127人,占41.5%。被调查的老年人对社会和家人的感恩心理高于负债感;不同养老模式下,老年人对家人和社会的感恩以及感恩总分比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.57、2.53、6.26,均P<0.05);不同养老模式下,老年人对家人和社会的负债感和负债感总分比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=2.42、3.94、3.90,均P<0.05)。结论很多社区养老和养老机构都存在宣传不足、各方对养老服务的认识不充分等问题,再加上老年人的传统观念都认为家庭养老是养老的最佳选择,严重制约了养老服务的发展。

[Objective]To analyze the status of gratitude in the elderly and whether there is a difference in the gratitude and sense of debt of older people under different old-age support models,find out the deficiency of each old-age support pattern in our country at present,and put forward the corresponding improvement method.[Methods]The questionnaire survey and statistical analysis method were adopted.[Results]The elderly people were collected from five regions in China,to investigate five old-age support models,including institutional old-age support,community old-age support,home-based old-age support,home-based child support and home-based live alone model.A total of 309 questionnaires were distributed and 306 valid questionnaires were collected.Among the respondents,most of them(138 people)were in home-based child support,accounting for 45.1%,followed by home-based live alone model(127 people),accounting for 41.5%.The respondents had higher gratitude to the so ciety and family members than the sense of debt.There were statistically significant differences in old people’s gratitude to their families,society and the total score of gratitude among different old-age support models(F=7.57,2.53,6.26,all P<0.05).The differences in old people’s sense of debt to families,society and the total score of sense of debt were statistically significant among different old-age support models(F=2.42,3.94,3.90,all P<0.05).[Conclusion]There are insufficient in publicity and understanding of old-age support services in community old-age support and old-age support institutions,and the old people’s traditional concept that family support is the best choice for the aged,which seriously restricts the development of old-age service.