高度近视小学生及其家长负性心理感受的质性研究

Qualitative research on negative psychological perception of pupils with high myopia and their parents

目的了解高度近视对小学生患者及其家长所造成的负性心理感受和负担,以期为关爱高度近视小学生心理健康提供参考依据。方法 2018年9—10月,采用质性研究中的现象学研究方法,运用分层抽样法与目的抽样法相结合,选取乌鲁木齐市4所小学中的12名高度近视小学生患者及其家长进行半结构式深入访谈,采用Colaizzi现象学七步分析法分析资料,得出主题。结果经分析提炼出高度近视小学生的负性心理感受可归为三大主题:高度近视对学生日常生活的负面影响、高度近视对学生心理健康的负面影响和学生调适负性心理感受的能力欠缺;高度近视小学生的家长负性情绪心理感受可归为三大主题:家长因孩子高度近视产生的负性情绪、难以调和孩子休息护眼与持续学习的矛盾、家长对孩子负性心理感受的应对方式差。结论关注、重视高度近视小学生的负性心理感受,社区医护人员有必要采取措施指导学生及其家长有效应对高度近视所造成的负性心理感受,以促进高度近视小学生身心健康发展。

[Objective]To understand and explore the negative psychological feelings and burdens of high myopia on primary school students and their parents,provide reference for caring for the mental health of high myopia pupils.[Methods]Using phenomenological research method in qualitative research,a semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted among 12 pupils with high myopia and their parents,who were collected from four primary schools in Urumqi from September to October 2018 using stratified sampling and objective sampling.Colaizzi phenomenological seven step analysis method was used to analyze the data and get the theme.[Results]The negative psychological feelings of high myopia pupils could be classified into three main themes:the negative effects of high myopia on students’daily life,the negative effects of high myopia on students’mental health,the lack of students’ability to adjust negative psychological feelings.The negative emotional psychological feelings of parents of high myopia pupils could be classified into three main themes:parents’negative emotions due to their children’s high myopia,difficulties in reconciling the contradiction between children’s rest and eye care and continuous learning,and parents’poor coping style to their children’s negative psychological feelings.[Conclusion]It is necessary to pay attention to the negative psychological feelings of the pupils with high myopia.The community medical staff should take measures to guide the pupils and their parents to effectively cope with the negative psychological feelings caused by high myopia in order to promote the healthy development of the pupils with high myopia.