深圳市某电机制造企业噪声危害及频谱特征

Noise hazard and spectrum characteristics of a motor manufacturer in Shenzhen City

目的了解电机制造企业不同车间噪声危害及频谱特征。方法采用判断抽样法,以深圳市某电机制造企业为研究对象,对其15个生产车间共90个工作地点16~16 000 Hz范围内11个频段的噪声强度进行了测量,运用聚类分析对不同车间噪声频谱特征进行分析。结果测试车间噪声最大,其次为一号跑车房、浸油房、空压机房、二号跑车房和大啤部,平均值都超过了90.00 dB(A)。聚类分析结果显示,组装一车间、组装二车间、组装三车间、组装四车间、注塑车间、机加工车间、涂粉一车间及涂粉二车间的噪声频谱特征相似,低频噪声强度较大,噪声强度最高值出现在63 Hz,之后随着频率的增高噪声强度不断下降。二号跑车房、大啤部、烧焊车间和空压机房噪声频谱特征相似,以中间频段噪声强度为主,125~2 000 Hz之间的噪声强度较大,其他频段的噪声强度显著降低;一号跑车房、浸油房和测试车间噪声频谱特征相似,高频噪声强度较大,噪声强度随着频率的增高呈上升趋势,在8 000 Hz达到最高,之后略有下降。结论同一生产企业不同车间的噪声危害分布有其特征,应对噪声源做频谱分析,有助于找出防护重点并采取更为有效的防护措施。

Objective To investigate the noise hazard and spectrum characteristics in different workshops of a motor manufacturing enterprise.Methods By using the method of judgment sampling,a total of 90 working sites in 15 workshops of a motor manufacturing enterprise with prominent noise hazards in Shenzhen City were studied,the noise intensity of 11 frequency bands in the range of 16~16 000 Hz was measured,and the spectrum characteristics of noise in different workshops were explored by cluster analysis.Results The noise intensity in the test workshop was the most serious,followed by No.1 Paoche workshop,oil immersion workshop,air compressor workshop,No.2 Paoche workshop,and molding machine workshop,with the average value of noise exceeding 90 dB(A).Clustering analysis indicated that the noise spectrum characteristics of No.1 assembly workshop,No.2 assembly workshop,No.3 assembly workshop,No.4 assembly workshop,injection-molding workshop,machining workshop,No.1 powder coating workshop and No.2 powder coating workshop were similar,the noise generated by these workshops were mainly low-frequency noise,with the noise intensity peak appeared in 63 Hz,and then the noise intensity decreased with the increase of frequency.The noise spectrum characteristics of No.2 Paoche workshop,molding machine workshop,welding workshop and air compressor workshop were similar,the noise generated by these workshops were mainly mid-frequency noise,with the noise intensity peak appeared in 125-2 000 Hz,and the noise intensity in other frequency bands was significantly reduced.The noise spectrum characteristics of No.1 Paoche workshop,oil immersion workshop and test workshop were similar,the noise generated by these workshops were the high-frequency noise,the noise intensity increased with the increase of frequency,with the peak appeared in 8 000 Hz,and then declined slightly.Conclusion Noise hazard distribution in different workshops of the same manufacturing enterprise has its own characteristics.Spectrum analysis of noise sources is helpful to find out the key points of protection and take more effective measures to control noise hazard.