2015—2017年天津市滨海新区20451例动物致伤暴露人群流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of 20 451 animal injury cases in Binhai New Area of Tianjin from 2015-2017

目的分析2015—2017年在天津市滨海新区狂犬病暴露人群的流行病学特征。方法选择2015—2017年在天津市滨海新区动物致伤处置门诊就诊的20 451例动物致伤患者进行分析,分析暴露时间分布、暴露部位分布、伤口分级、Ⅲ级暴露人群使用免疫球蛋白率、致伤动物来源和处理方式情况。结果 2015—2017年天津市滨海新区累计接诊20 451人次,累计暴露率为515.1/10万,不同年度暴露率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=166.956,P<0.01),并有逐年上升的趋势(χ趋势2=158.235,P<0.01),暴露时间集中在6月,暴露部位以四肢为主,暴露等级以Ⅱ级为主,占50.3%;Ⅲ级暴露人群使用免疫球蛋白率逐年上升(χ趋势2=76.516,P<0.01);致伤动物最多为犬,占79.0%,;患者伤后以门诊处理为主,占56.9%,呈现逐年上升的趋势(χ趋势2=614.188,P<0.01)。结论 2015—2017年在天津市滨海新区公众对狂犬病的知晓率和控制意识得到一定的提高,相关部门应加强宠物管理工作,继续加强宣教,开展狂犬病暴露预防处置工作,提高狂犬病疫苗全程接种率。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed population in Binhai New Area of Tianjin from 2015-2017.Methods 20 451 animal injury cases,who were treated in animal injury disposal clinic in Binhai New Area of Tianjin from 2015-2017,were collected to analyze the exposure time distribution,injured parts,injured classification,the usage of immunoglobulin in patients injured by levelⅢ,animal resources and wound treatment.Results Totally 20 451 cases were reported in Binhai New Area of Tianjin from 2015-2017,with the cumulative exposure rate of 515.1/lakh.There was statistically significant difference in the exposure rate among different years(χ2=166.956,P<0.01),and showing a rising trend(χtrend2=158.235,P<0.01).The exposure time peak appeared in June,the injured parts were mainly limbs,and the exposure level was dominated by levelⅡ,accounting for 50.3%.The usage rate of immunoglobulin in patients injured by levelⅢwas on rise year by year(χtrend2=76.516,P<0.01).Most of cases were injured by dogs(79.0%).56.9%of the patients were treated in outpatient after injury,which showed an upward trend(χtrend2=614.188,P<0.01).Conclusion The public awareness of rabies prevention and control has been improved to a certain extent in Binhai New Area of Tianjin from 2015-2017.Relevant departments should strengthen pet management,continue to strengthen propaganda and education,carry out rabies exposure prevention and treatment work,and improve the whole course rabies vaccination rate.