2017年咸阳市新装修住宅中甲醛和总挥发性有机物污染状况调查

Investigation on pollution status of formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds in newly renovated houses in Xianyang City in 2017

目的了解2017年咸阳市新装修住宅内甲醛和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)污染现状,为室内空气污染的防治提供参考依据。方法 2017年选取咸阳市装修完成3~12个月但未入住的234户住宅,检测并分析住宅中甲醛和TVOC的浓度。结果 234户住宅中甲醛超标率为66.00%,TVOC超标率为73.00%,甲醛的总体平均值为(0.14±0.17)mg/m3,TVOC的总体平均值为(1.58±0.12)mg/m^3。不同类型房间空气中甲醛的超标率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中次卧超标率最高为63.69%,其次是主卧超标率为53.00%,卫生间超标率最低。不同类型房间空气中甲醛浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),平均浓度最高的是次卧,最低的是卫生间。不同类型房间空气中TVOC的超标率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中次卧超标率最高为69. 11%,其次是主卧超标率为58. 12%,卫生间超标率最低。不同类型房间空气中TVOC浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。家具局部空间内甲醛和TVOC均超标,贡献最高的为卧室和书房的衣柜、床头柜、书柜等。不同地板类型甲醛和TVOC超标率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05),不同地板类型甲醛和TVOC浓度差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。不同装修完成时间所测得的甲醛和TVOC超标率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同装修完成时间所测得的甲醛和TVOC浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2017年咸阳市新装修1年内住宅空气中存在甲醛和TVOC污染,这与装修选材及家具类型有关,应采取相应措施降低住宅内甲醛及TVOC的浓度。

Objective To understand the pollution status of formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds(TVOC)in newly renovated houses in Xianyang City in 2017,provide references for the prevention and control of indoor air pollution.Methods The concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC were detected and analyzed in 234 houses in Xianyang City in 2017,which have finished decoration for 3-12 months but not occupied.Results The over-standard rate of formaldehyde and TVOC was 66.00%and 73.00%respectively.The overall average of formaldehyde was(0.14±0.17)mg/m^3,and the overall average of TVOC was(1.58±0.12)mg/m3.There was statistically significant difference in the over-standard rate of formaldehyde in the air among different types of rooms(P<0.05),the over-standard rate in the secondary bedroom was the highest(63.69%),followed by the master bedroom(53.00%),and the over-standard rate in the bathroom was the lowest.There was statistically significant difference in the formaldehyde concentration in the air among different types of rooms(P<0.05),and the average concentration in the secondary bedroom was the highest while that in the bathroom was the lowest.There was statistically significant difference in the over-standard rate of TVOC in the air among different types of rooms(P<0.05),the over-standard rate in the secondary bedroom was the highest(69.11%),followed by the master bedroom(58.12%),and the over-standard rate in the bathroom was the lowest.There was statistically significant difference in the TVOC concentration in the air among different types of rooms(P<0.05).The formaldehyde and TVOC inside furniture local space both exceeded the standards,and the highest contribution were from wardrobe,bedside cabinet,bookcase in bedroom and the study.There were no statistically significant differences in the over-standard rate of formaldehyde and TVOC among different floor types(both P>0.05),and there were no statistically significant differences in the concentrations of formaldehyde and TVOC among different floor types(both P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the over-standard rate of formaldehyde and TVOC among different finishing decoration time(P<0.05),and there were statistically significant differences in the concentrations of formaldehyde and TVOC among different finishing decoration time(P<0.05).Conclusion Formaldehyde and TVOC pollution have been found in residential air in newly renovated houses within one year in Xianyang City in 2017,which is related to the selection of decoration materials and furniture types,and corresponding measures should be taken to reduce the concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC in residential buildings.