眉山市4所高校在读女大学生生殖健康及卫生状况的调查

Investigation on reproductive health and hygiene status of female college students in four universities in Meishan City

目的了解眉山市4所高校在读女大学生生殖健康及卫生状况。方法选取地处眉山市的四川大学锦江学院、眉山职业技术学院、四川科技学院及四川工商学院4所院校各120名女大学生进行研究。采用自制调查问卷由3名经培训的调查员进行调查。结果本次调查共发放问卷480份,回收有效问卷467份,回收率97.29%。467例有效调查对象中年龄17~23岁,平均为(19.29±2.08)岁;大一有153人,大二有168人,大三有146人;城市生源297人,农村生源170人。不同年级调查对象痛经情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),大一女生月经不规律率为35.95%,与大二女生(34.52%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均明显高于大三女生的22.60%(P<0.05)。不同年级外阴清洁方式均主要以淋浴为主,不同年级女生淋浴与盆浴比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),大一、大二女生卫生湿巾使用率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均高于大三女生(P<0.05)。不同年级女生外阴清洁用品使用率及小便后外阴擦拭习惯比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),大三女生经期外阴清洁率高于大一、大二女生(P<0.05)。不同年级女生手淫及性交比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。大一女生洗手率为49.02%,高于大二、大三的洗手率37.50%、35.62%(P<0.05)。不同年级女生便后洗手及日常手部清洁比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。大三女生鼠疫和霍乱、病毒性肝炎、性传播疾病、结核病知晓率均高于大一、大二女生(P<0.05)。结论眉山市女大学生生殖卫生状况及健康知识水平不容乐观,大部分女生伴有痛经,学校方面有必要开展生殖健康服务与健康教育。

Objective To explore the reproductive health and sanitation status of female college students in four universities in Meishan City.Methods 120 female college students from Jinjiang College of Sichuan University,Meishan Vocational and Technical College,Sichuan Institute of Science and Technology and Sichuan Technology and Business University were selected for re-search.Results Three trained investigators conducted the survey with a self-made questionnaire.A total of 480 questionnaires were distributed in this survey,and 467 valid questionnaires were collected,with a recovery rate of 97.29%.Among the 467 valid subjects,the age ranged from 17 to 23 years old,with an average of(19.29±2.08)years old.There were 153 students in the freshman year,168 in the sophomore year,and 146 in the junior year.297 students were from the urban area and 170 from the rural area.There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of dysmenorrhea between different grades(P>0.05).The irregular menstruation rate of freshman girls was 35.95%,and the difference was not statistically significant as compared with that of sophomore girls(34.52%)(P>0.05),which both were significantly higher than that of junior girls(22.60%)(P<0.05).The cleaning methods of vulva in different grades were mainly showers.There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of showers and baths between girls of different grades(P>0.05).The difference in the utilization rate of sanitary wipes was not statistically significant between freshmen and sophomores(P>0.05),which both were significantly higher than that of junior girls(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the utilization rate of genital cleansing products and genital wiping habits be-tween different grades(P>0.05).Cleaning rate of vulva during menstruation of juniors was significantly higher than that of freshmen and sophomores(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the ratio of masturbation and sexual intercourse between girls of different grades(P>0.05).The hand washing rate of freshmen was 49.02%,which was significantly higher than that of the sophomore(37.50%)and the juniors(35.62%).There were no statistically significant differences in washing hands after defecation and daily hand cleaning between girls of different grades(P>0.05).The awareness rates of cholera,viral hepatitis,sexually transmitted diseases and tuberculosis in junior girls were significantly higher than those in freshmen and sophomores(P<0.05).Con clusion The reproductive health status and health knowledge of female college students in Meishan City are not optimistic.Most girls are accompanied by dysmenorrhea.It is necessary for the school to carry out reproductive health services and health education.