2012—2018年云南省楚雄州食源性疾病流行特征及原因

Epidemic characteristics and reason of foodborne diseases in Chuxiong Prefecture of Yunnan Province from 2012-2018

目的了解云南省楚雄州食源性疾病的流行病学特征,为食源性疾病防治提供依据。方法收集2012—2018年楚雄州食源性疾病病例数据用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2012—2018年楚雄州31家哨点医院共报告食源性疾病病例8 334例,病例的男女性别比为0.93︰1,发病以青壮年为主,25~54岁年龄组占57.00%,职业以农民为主(52.10%),6—8月发病最多(54.45%)。可疑暴露食品以菌类及其制品比例最大(51.32%),初步诊断为蘑菇类中毒的病例占50.56%。进食场所在家庭就餐的最多,占79.04%。93.14%的病例具有消化道症状。共采集腹泻标本784份,占9.41%,检出致病菌16份,检出率为2.04%,其中沙门菌14份、志贺菌2份。结论楚雄州食源性疾病形势依然严峻,农村家庭是食源性疾病防控的重点和难点,尤其是蘑菇中毒,应进一步强化健康宣传,提高公众食品安全和健康意识,进一步完善食源性疾病监测体系,提高监测报告质量。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Chuxiong Prefecture,provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of foodborne diseases.Methods The data of foodborne disease cases in Chuxiong Prefecture from 2012-2018 were collected to analyze with descriptive epidemiological method.Results Totally 8 334 foodborne disease cases were reported from 31 Sentinel hospitals in Chuxiong Prefecture from 2012-2018.The ratio of man to female of the cases was 0.93:1.The cases were mainly young and middle-aged,and the patients aged 25-54 years old accounted for 57.00%.The majority was farmers(52.10%),most of the cases occurred June to August(54.45%).The main suspicious exposed foods were fungi and their products(51.32%),and cases of mushroom poisoning in preliminary diagnosis accounted for 50.56%.A total 784 samples from diarrhea patients were collected,accounting for 9.41%.16 pathogenic bacteria were detected,with the detection rate of 2.04%,including 14 strains of Salmonella and 2 strains of Shigella.Conclusion The situation of foodborne diseases in Chuxiong Prefecture is still tough.Rural families are focus and difficulty for foodborne disease prevention and control,especially mushroom poisoning.It is necessary to further strengthen the health publicity to improve the public awareness for food safety and health,and further perfect foodborne diseases monitoring system and improve the quality of monitoring reports.