乌鲁木齐市环卫女工劳动权益保护现状与影响因素

Status and influencing factors of labor rights and interests protection of women sanitation workers in Urumqi City

目的了解乌鲁木齐市环卫女工劳动权益保护现状。方法 2018年采取整群抽样方法,以问卷收集的形式对乌鲁木齐市两个区的环卫女工开展调查。结果 1 463名环卫女工签订劳动合同、缴纳保险和发放劳保用品的比例分别为82.98%、79.29%和81.13%。进行过职业卫生培训、有高温补贴和组织健康检查的分别占44.77%、44.22%和40.46%;有独立休息室的占31.24%。环卫女工获取劳动权益保护知识的占47.92%,其中获取相关知识的途径以报纸、书刊、宣传册和宣传品居多,占26.90%;其次是工作单位,占24.79%;朋友间获取知识的占23.67%;通过广播、电视和微信获取知识的仅占6.69%。不同人群特征和职业特征的环卫女工获取劳动权益保护知识比较,不同年龄组、文化程度和工龄组环卫女工获取劳动权益保护知识率的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。表现为随着年龄的增长劳动权益保障知识的获取率下降;文化程度高者劳动权益保障知识的获取率较高;在5~<15年工龄组劳动权益保障知识的获取率最高,在≥15年工龄组劳动权益保障知识的获取率最低。是否接受过职业卫生培训的环卫女工劳动权益保护知识获取率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。表现为接受过职业卫生培训的环卫女工劳动权益保护知识的获取率高。环卫女工在劳动权益受到侵害时,首先选择单位及领导寻求解决的居多,占55.57%;其次是选择劳动保障部门,占20.92%。结论乌鲁木齐市环卫女工的社会保障水平较好,但在职业卫生培训、健康检查和有独立休息室的比例较低,应继续加大对环卫女工劳动权益保障的投入,扩大权益保障的覆盖面,确保所有环卫工人受益其中。

Objective To understand the current situation of labor rights and interests protection of women sanitation workers in Urumqi.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to investigate the women sanitation workers in two districts of Urumqi in the form of questionnaire collection.Results Among 1 463 women sanitation workers,the proportion of signing movable contracts,paying insurance and distributing labor insurance articles was 82.98%,79.29%and 81.13%,respectively.The workers with occupational health training,high temperature subsidies and organizational health checks accounted for 44.77%,44.22%and 40.46%,respectively,and 31.24%had separate lounges.47.92%of the women sanitation workers have obtained knowledge about the protection of labor rights and interests,and the main approaches to acquire relevant knowledge were newspapers,books,brochures and propaganda materials,accounting for 26.90%,followed by the work unit,accounting for24.79%,23.67%obtained knowledge through Friends,and only 6.69%obtained knowledge through radio,television and WeChat.In the women sanitation workers with different demographic characteristics and occupational characteristics,there were statistically significant differences in knowledge acquisition of labor rights protection among different groups in age,education levels and working years(P<0.05).It was shown as follows:the acquisition rate of labor rights protection knowledge decreases with the increase of age.The higher the education level,the higher the acquisition rate of labor rights protection knowledge.The acquisition rate of labor rights protection knowledge was the highest in the group with working years of 5-<15 years and the lowest in the group with working years of≥15 years.There was a statistically significant difference in the acquisition rate of labor rights protection knowledge of women sanitation workers who had received occupational health training or not(P<0.05).It was shown as follows:the rate of acquiring knowledge of labor rights protection of sanitation women workers who have received occupational health training was high.When the labor rights and interests of female sanitation workers were infringed,most of them chose their employers and leaders to seek solutions,accounting for 55.57%,followed by the labor security sector,accounting for 20.92%.Conclusion The social security level of female environmental sanitation workers in Urumqi is better,but the proportions of workers with occupational health training,health check-ups and independent lounges are low.It is necessary to continue to increase investment in the protection of the labor rights and interests of women sanitation workers,expand the coverage of the protection,and ensure that all sanitation workers benefit from it.