窦默特色针法简析

Characteristic Acupuncture Methods of DOU Mo

窦默是金元时期针灸名家,曾从师于山东滕县名医李浩,其著作《针经指南》从临床实际出发,对穴位、针刺方法、得气、针灸宜忌等方面作了深入的阐发。窦默特色针法体现在临证重视经络,针具方面偏爱使用毫针,取穴方面重视特定穴,倡导使用流注八穴。针刺时强调神朝、气至,强调针下手感,气速至而效速,气迟至而不治。针刺时进针重视押手,主张双手进针,提出针刺十四法(动、摇、进、退、搓、盘、弹、捻、循、摄、按、爪、切、扪)的具体操作。善用综合补泻法,并创寒热补泻法,后世基于寒热补泻发展出"烧山火""透天凉"等手法,影响很大。

DOU Mo was a famous acupuncture and moxibustion scholar in the Jin and Yuan dynasties and learned from famous doctor LI Hao in Shandong province Teng county.Acupuncture Guideline was written by DIY Mo.The content of this book came from clinical practice,which contained a profound content on points,acupuncture method,presence of qi,contraindications of acupuncture and moxibustion,etc.DOU Mo paid attention to meridians and milli-needle.When choosing acupoints,DOU Mo preferred specific points,especially Liuzhu Baxue.After needle into the body,DIU Mo said that presence of qi influenced effect of acupuncture and prognosis of disease.DOU Mo emphasized the importance of left hand,which was used to find the acupoint.DOU Mo put forward fourteen acupuncture manipulation(such as Dong,Yao,Jin,Tui,Cuo,Pan,Tan,Nian,Xun,Nie,An,Zhua,Qie,Men).He made the best use of the comprehensive method of tonifying and reducing,and created reinforcing-reducing method by cold and heat.The'Shaoshanghuo'and'Toutianliang'was developed on the basis of this method.