云南省民办高校护理专业学生职业认同感的调查分析与教育探索

Investigation and Analysis and Educational Exploration on Professional Identity of Nursing Students in Private Colleges and Universities in Yunnan Province

目的:了解并分析云南省民办高校护理专业学生的职业认同感现状及相关因素,从而改变教学思路,转变护理专业学生观念,提高护理专业学生对本专业的职业认同感,提高其就业率,满足社会需求。方法:采用我国郝玉芳博士2011年研制的'护生职业认同问卷'作为调查工具,对云南省5所民办高校的一、二、三年级本科和专科共961名护理专业学生进行问卷调查。结果:云南省民办高校护理专业学生职业认同感调查总得分为58.53分,高于问卷总分(85分)的一半。不同年级不同学历学生职业认同感存在差异。本科二年级学生职业认同总分均值最高,为66.09,而专科一年级职业认同总分均值最低,为54.87。在留职获益与离职风险、社会比较与自我反思、社会说服3个因子上差异有统计学意义。本科二年级学生职业认同感最高,本科一年级学生专业引导的需求最强,而专科一年级学生的择业自主性有待加强。结论:云南省民办高校护理专业学生对护理专业的职业认同感相对较高。但专科护理专业学生的职业情感,职业需求和职业理想有待提高,教育工作者应根据不同年级、不同学历层次的护理专业学生进行有针对性的教育引导。

Objective:To understand and analyze the status quo and related factors of professional identity of nursing students in private colleges and universities in Yunnan province,so as to change teaching ideas,change the concept of nursing students,improve their professional identity,raise their employment rate and meet social needs.Methods:961 nursing students of grade one,two and three in five private colleges and universities in Yunnan province were investigated by using the'Nursing Students’Professional Identity Questionnaire'developed by Dr.Hao Yufang in 2011.Results:The total score of nursing students’professional identity survey in private colleges and universities in Yunnan province was 58.53,which was more than half of the total score of the questionnaire(85).Students of different grades and academic backgrounds have different professional identity.The average of the total score of the second-year undergraduates’professional identity is the highest 66.09,while that of the first-year undergraduates’professional identity is the lowest 54.87.There were significant differences in three factors:retention benefit and turnover risk,social comparison and self-reflection,and social persuasion.The second-year undergraduates have the highest sense of professional identity,and the first-year undergraduates have the strongest demand for professional guidance,while the first-year undergraduates’autonomy in choosing jobs needs to be strengthened.Conclusion:Nursing students in Yunnan private colleges and universities have relatively high professional identity for nursing specialty.However,professional emotions,needs and ideals of nursing students need to be improved.Educators should conduct targeted education and guidance according to different grades and educational levels of nursing students.