中国近代学校水产教育的特点与问题——以中等及以上专门学校为例

On Characteristics and Problems of School Fishery Education in Modern China——The Case of Secondary and Above Specialized Schools

中国近代学校水产教育开始较晚,但颇具特色。以中等及以上专门学校为例,其水产教育的专业化程度逐渐提升,且已渐成体系,体现在四个方面:培养目标从技术型人才过渡到专业型人才,实行多层次、多样化的学制,课程逐步细化且渐成系统,师资的专业化程度逐渐提升。但是,在其实施过程中仍存在教育设备简陋、基础研究落后、师资匮乏、教学忽视实践以及毕业生就业不理想等问题。究其原因在于:内忧外患的复杂时局带来的负面影响;水产教育的专项法令缺失;经费时常被削减或拖欠;专门的水产研究机关成立时间晚,而且数量很少;民间对水产教育及其基础性研究的认可和资助度不高;专业化师资不足、教材照搬国外未能本土化、实践教学设备不足以及重理论轻实践等学校自身问题。

School Fishery Education started relatively late in modern China,but it has its own characteristics.Taking secondary and above specialized schools as the example,the degree of specialization of Fishery Education of these schools at that time has gradually increased,and has gradually formed a system in terms of training objectives,educational system,curriculum and teachers.But there are problems in the process of its implementation,such as poor educational equipment,backward basic research,lack of teachers,neglect of teaching practice and unsatisfactory employment of graduates.The reasons are as follows:The negative effects brought by the complex situation of internal and external troubles;the lack of special laws and decrees for fishery education;the frequent reduction or arrears of funds;the late establishment of specialized fishery research institutions and a small number of them;the low recognition and funding from people for fishery education and its basic research;and some problems within schools,which are the lack of specialized teachers,the textbooks copied from abroad but not localized,the insufficient practical teaching equipment and the emphasis on theory rather than practice.