澳大利亚现代学徒制的演进过程、特点分析与经验启示——基于20年的政策回顾

Evolution and Characteristics of Modern Apprenticeship in Australia and Empirical Implications to China——Based on Review of 20-year Policies in Australia

近20年来,澳大利亚现代学徒制的质量建设取得了重大成就,大力推动了职业教育与培训的改革与发展。澳大利亚现代学徒制的演进过程包括建立基本制度框架阶段、重视学徒培训质量阶段、强调'能力本位'培训与认可阶段和应对工业4.0阶段。其在建设过程中,逐渐形成了内涵日益明确、保障更加完善和服务能力不断强化的发展特色。借鉴澳大利亚的成功经验,我国需要强化现代学徒制的内涵建设、完善现代学徒制的保障体系和提升现代学徒制的服务功能。

In the past 20 years,the great achievements have been made in the quality construction of modern apprenticeship in Australia,which has greatly promoted the reform and development of vocational education and training.The evolution of modern apprenticeship in Australia can be divided into four stages,including the establishment of a basic institutional framework,the emphasis on the quality of apprenticeship training,the emphasis on'competency-based'training and recognition,and the response to industry 4.0.At the same time,Australia has gradually formed its own development characteristics in the process of the construction of modern apprenticeship system,such as increasingly clear connotation,more perfect guarantee and continuously strengthened service capacity.Drawing lessons from the successful experience of Australia,China can carry out reform of modern apprenticeship system.from the following three aspects:Strengthening the connotation construction,improving the guarantee system and improving the service function.