现代学徒制中师徒间缄默知识转移的影响因素及其促进策略

Research on the Influencing Factors and Promotion Strategies of Tacit Knowledge Transfer between Apprentices and Enterprise Masters in Modern Apprenticeship

从知识的视角来看,现代学徒制中的企业学徒培训可以理解为师徒间缄默知识的转移。师徒间缄默知识的成功转移是企业学徒培训质量的体现,也是现代学徒制得以成功的重要保障。现代学徒制中师徒间缄默知识转移的路径有两条:师傅的缄默知识通过'共同化'直接转移给学徒或者通过'表出化'转化为显性知识再转移给学徒。应用因素分析法发现,缄默知识转移过程中企业师傅缄默知识转移的意愿与能力、学徒缄默知识吸收的意愿与能力、师徒关系与师徒间的知识距离、企业的文化环境与外部制度安排都会影响缄默知识的转移。为此,要构建良好的企业师傅队伍、健全合理的学徒遴选机制、建立完善的师徒结对方式和良好的企业内外环境来促进师徒间缄默知识的转移。

From the perspective of knowledge,enterprise apprenticeship training in modern apprenticeship can be understood as the transfer of tacit knowledge between enterprise masters and apprentices.The successful transfer of tacit knowledge between enterprise masters and apprentices is not only a reflection of the quality of apprenticeship training,but also an important guarantee for the success of modern apprenticeship.In the modern apprenticeship,there are two ways to transfer tacit knowledge between enterprise masters and apprentices:the tacit knowledge of the enterprise masters is transferred directly to the apprentices through'co-transformation'or transferred to the apprentices through'explicit transformation'into explicit knowledge.The factor analysis method was applied to find that in the process of tacit knowledge transfer,the willingness and ability of enterprise masters to transfer tacit knowledge,the willingness and ability of apprentices to absorb tacit knowledge,the relationships and knowledge distance between enterprise masters and apprentices,and the enterprises cultural environment and external institutional arrangements all affected the transfer of tacit knowledge.Therefore,it is necessary to build a good team of enterprise masters,improve the reasonable apprenticeship selection mechanism,establish a perfect mentoring pairing mode and a good internal and external environment of the enterprise to promote the transfer of tacit knowledge between enterprise masters and apprentices.