美国生涯与技术素养教育的评价机制及启示

Evaluation Mechanism of Career and Technical Literacy Education in America and It’s Enlightenments

为帮助职业院校学生形成综合素养、生涯发展能力,美国生涯与技术素养教育不断完善其评价机制,从历史的视角看,经历了从兴趣导向、服务导向再到生涯导向的评价取向,形成了与学生组织会员等级制度相融合的素养教育评价体系和以能力框架为特征的素养教育评价体系等两种典型模式,并通过完善评价流程,形成了较为成熟的人才培养评价机制。以此为鉴,我国需要构建职业教育'核心素养'评价目标体系,采用灵活多样的评价方式,形成专业、社团、企业与社区的联动评价机制等。

In order to make a contribution to overall quality and career development of students in Career and Technical Education,Career and Technical Literacy Education in America keeps on perfecting its evaluation mechanism.From the historical view,the evaluation orientation of which had experienced interest dominant,service dominant to career dominant and has been more and more mature in evaluation mechanism through cooperating with vocational student organization,dividing competency frame,as well as improving evaluation process.Taking it as a reference,the construction of vocational education'core equality'evaluating frame,a alternative which means various and vivid evaluation methods as well as cooperation mechanism among profession,association,enterprise and community should be build in China.