形而中者谓之心——徐复观易学思想研究

What Is in the Center of the Form Is Called Heart/mind:Xu Fuguan's Thought on the Changes

徐复观结合《易传》中材料,认为中国人文精神的心理基础就是"忧患意识",文王为忧患意识所诱发而作《易》。《周易》的创制时期正处于宗教人文化的转换期,所以具有宗教与人文精神相互混合的特点。《易传》成就了两个系统的形而上学,其阴阳观念成就了宇宙论的形而上学;性命观念成就了道德形上学。把《易传》的两套形上学清理出来之后,他发现,形而上学的抽象思辨往往离人类具体真实的生活很远。于是徐复观就此提出了一个"形而中学",主张以"形而中学"回归孔子。

Xu Fuguan(1903-1982)holds that the mental basis of Chinese humanistic spirit is the sense of crisis,on the basis of which King Wen composed the Changes.The date of composition of the Zhou Changes was during the transitional period from religion to humanity and thus the mixture of religiousness and humanity characterize the book.The Yi zhuan(Commentaries on the Changes)accomplished two systems of metaphysics:Its concept of yin and yang gave rise to a cosmological metaphysics whereas its concepts of human innate nature and destiny led to a moral metaphysics.Having clarified these two systems of metaphysics,he found that the abstract speculation of metaphysics is distant from man's concrete real life,so he set forth a term xing er zhong xue(a system explicating the features of what is in the center of things)by which he claims one return to Confucius' s teachings.