论陆象山易学“易简”之道与心学建构

On the Dao of Yi jian and Theoretic Construction of Heart-mind System in Lu Jiuyuan’s Scholarship on the Changes

学人多从工夫层面宏观论述陆象山的易简之学,探讨朱陆'易简工夫'与'支离事业'之异,然'易简'不仅是其心学工夫论的总体代名词,更是构建其心学体系的核心精神。象山赋予《易传》易简之道以新的内涵,使易简原则融贯于心体论与工夫论中,他于道体建构上化繁为简,将万理归于精一本心,并强调发明道体自然简易,以'先立其大'为前提主张在为学成德上去繁就简。象山的易简之学将天理的自足性纳入人心,以突显人之本心自明自足为最终立意,其以易解心的致思理路为后世心学易之形成开启了门径,'易简'亦由此成为心学一脉建成自身思想体系的重要依据。

Regarding Zhu Xi’s(1130-1200)principle-oriented theory,scholars tend to discuss Lu Jiuyuan’s(1139-1193)assertion of yijian(plainness and simplicity)and its difference from zhili(a critical judgmental word by Lu Jiuyuan on Zhu Xi’s theory,which means broken and scattered)on the level of gongfu(moral cultivation and practice).However,yijian is not only a general representative of his theory of gongfu,but also the core spirit in the construction of his heart-mind theory.Lu Jiuyuan gave a new meaning to the word yijian which first appeared in the Ten Wings,and merged it with his gongfu and heart-mind theories.While constructing the conceptual body of Dao(Way)from complexity to simplicity,he reduced all principles to heart-mind,stressed the naturalness and simplicity of the Dao,and advocated a simple way of moral cultivation on the basis of determining the most important thing first.Lu Jiuyuan adopted the feature of self-sufficiency,which was given to tianli(heavenly principle)by Zhu Xi,into one’s heart-mind,and took the self-illumination and self-sufficiency of man’s heart-mind as the final purpose of his theory.His adoption of Yi(Change)into his heart-mind theory opened up new ways for later scholars’heart-mind theory,and thus yijian turned out to the most important basis for the construction of the system of heart-mind theory.