杜甫引《易》诗的学术属性及中唐前象数易学背景

Academic Attribution of the Changes Cited by Du Fu in His Poetry and the Background of Image-numerology of the Changes before the Mid Tang Dynasty

通常认为,唐代儒玄合流,王弼《周易注》通行天下。在这种背景下,杜甫的易学接受面向应该是王弼义理之学,但考察过杜甫引《易》诗之后,却发现其中少有王弼义理,而多用汉儒易学。这种貌似不合拍的现象,并非是说杜甫不通王弼义理,而是反映了杜甫引《易》之诗蕴含着儒家道德旨归,秉持了汉儒易学的政治思维。同时,杜诗中王弼义理的缺失,也反映出中唐以前象数易学的接受、传播态势未曾寂寥;而汉易学不绝如缕地传播,为杜甫引《易》诗采用汉儒易学思维提供了可能性。

As Confucianism and Neo-Daoism arrived at a fusion in the Tang dynasty(618-907),it is usually considered that Wang Bi’s(226-249)annotations to the Zhou Changes were then accepted by all of the scholars including Du Fu(712-770).However,the contents of the Changes cited by Du Fu in his poetry mainly belong to the Han(206 BCE-220 CE)tradition rather than Wang Bi’s Changes scholarship.This contradiction doesn’t mean that Du Fu was not well versed in Wang Bi’s philosophical annotations but reflects his purport to stress Confucian morality and the inheritance of Han Confucians’way of thinking on politics.The lack of Wang Bi’s philosophical annotations in Du Fu’poetry also shows the acceptance and transmission of image-numerology before the mid-Tang dynasty.The rare transmission of the Han tradition of Changes scholarship enabled Du Fu to apply these contents to his composition of poetry.