儒家社会角色责任思想探赜

On the Heart-mind Theory in Early Confucianism and the Construction of Today’s Responsibility Ethics

儒家不仅阐发了角色责任伦理,还建构了名分责任伦理和位分责任伦理。儒家传承发展了《周易》关于'位'的思想,提出了许多'位分'和'位责'的主张,阐释了当位、正位、立位等观念。先秦儒家文献没有'名分'概念,但分别从'名'和'分'两个维度把握'名分'问题;儒家很注重名位、名号、地位、身份等名分,并由此形成了中国正名的责任伦理思想传统。儒家鲜明地提出了'君君,臣臣,父父,子子''父子有亲,君臣有义,夫妇有别,长幼有序,朋友有信'和'农农、士士、工工、商商一也'等一系列角色责任定位。儒家伦理既是一种德性伦理又是一种角色伦理,无论是安乐哲的儒家角色伦理学还是其他学者彰显的儒家德性伦理学根本不是非此即彼的关系,而是可以兼容并包的。

Not only did the Confucian school explicate role ethics of responsibility,but also constructed status ethics of responsibility.Confucianism inherited and developed the idea of'position'from the Yijing,and further set forth new ideas to stress the correspondence between one’s status and responsibility.The correspondence between one’s social role and responsibility is particularly emphasized in Confucianism.Confucian ethics is both a kind of virtue ethics and a kind of role ethics.Confucian role ethics proposed by Roger T.Ames and virtue ethics highlighted by other scholars are not contradictory to but compatible with each other.