清水江林契中所见汉字译写苗语地名的解读

A Study of the Chinese Translation of Miao Place Names in Forest Contracts of Qingshui River

随着清水江流域林契的不断发现和系统整理出版,清水江文书的研究已成了学界的研究热。但林契中所涉的地名却成了文书进一步深化研究的瓶颈,原因在于这些地名都是用少数民族语言进行标识,进入文书时又不可避免地要译写成汉字,而汉字译写的方式却一直未实现统一化和规范化,以至于这些地名指代的空间区域,单凭文书本身无法落到实处。为此,通过语言学手段的探讨破解这些地名的含意,发现其间的资料信息,自然成了推动下一步清水江文书研究的关键举措。为此,仅以锦屏县河口乡加池村已经公开出版的林契为研究对象,破解所涉地名的含意,及其汉字译写的规律,希望能起到推动深化研究的作用。

With the constant discoveries,systematic collation and publishing of forest contracts of Qingshui River,the study of Qingshui documents has aroused more and more interest in academic circle. But the place names in the contracts are the bottleneck for further researches,because originally,the names were marked in ethnic languages and then translated into Chinese in written documents. In addition,the translation norms have never been unified and standardized,so it is very hard to identify the special region with the place names only through written documents. Therefore,decoding the meaning of these names through linguistic method has naturally become an important way to promote the study on these documents. In this paper,a study is made of the published forest contracts of Jiachi Village of Hekou Township in Jinping County by decoding the meaning of the place names and finding the Chinese translation rules for the purpose of promoting the research.