略述“美好生活”印第安理念在拉美的制度实践与挑战——以玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔为例

Institutional Practice and Challenges of the Indian Concept of“Good Life”in Latin America——In the Case of Bolivia and Ecuador

"美好生活"理念发端于拉美印第安传统文化。追根溯源,近代以来,随着拉美国家普遍走上资本主义发展道路,"消费主义"观念与印第安传统理念间的文化冲突接踵而至,社会矛盾随之激化。对此,曾被视为社会"问题"的拉美印第安裔人民,提出用"美好生活"传统民族理念解决现代的问题,即:通过人类共同体中内部与外部的多种平衡与和谐,来实现精神与物质世界的富足。历史上,这一理念在安第斯地区印第安人社会中,获得了广泛的文化认同。当代,拉美部分安第斯国家在治理中融入了传统原住民哲学"美好生活"这一理念,践行到立法与公共政策制度等建设中来。未来,拉美国家探索"美好生活"的进程,仍充满诸多挑战。

In Latin America,the concept of“good life”originated from indigenous traditional culture.Recently,most Latin American countries have chosen the path of capitalist development,which has led to constant cultural conflicts between consumerism and Indian traditional ideas,and social contradictions have been intensified.In this regard,Latin American indigenous people who used to be regarded as social“problems”have proposed the traditional concept of“good life”to solve modern problems.That is,to realize the prosperity of both spiritual and material world through multiple balances and harmony both inside and outside the human community.Historically,this idea gained a widespread support and cultural identification in indigenous communities in Andean region.In the contemporary era,the traditional philosophy of aboriginal people,which is named as“good life”,has been incorporated into national governance,and some Andean countries have already practiced it in lawmaking and public policy system construction.In the future,the exploration of the concept in Latin American countries is still full of challenges.