仡佬语状词的生成与韵律分析

Analysis of the Generation and Rhythm of Adverbs in Gelao Language

仡佬语的状词以单、双音节为主,其中双音节间基本是重叠关系,缺乏苗语那样在声、韵、调上都不相同的情况。它有前增和后附两种形式,位置相对不固定,语法化程度相对不高,处在状词发展的前期阶段。仡佬语状词组合有[1+1]、[1+2]和[2+1]三种韵律类型,动词、形容词和状词之间主要采用重叠形态和词义复合两种手段生成,其中三音节超韵律词ABB式的叠音结构单一,基本无异形词。三音节的超韵律词不如双音节标准韵律词稳定,有丢失附加音节,固化成双音节词的现象。重叠音节无汉语那样在声调上变读轻声的现象。

Adverbs of Gelao language are mainly monosyllabic and disyllabic. Unlike Miao language, the disyllabic ones are basically overlapping without differences in sound, rhyme and tone. In the early stage of adverbial development, they have two forms of pre-addition and post-addition, with relatively unfixed position and a low degree of grammaticalization. The adverbial combination can be divided into three rhyme types of [1+1], [1+2] and [2+1], and the links between verbs, adjectives and adverbs are generated mainly through two ways of overlapping and word sense compounding. Tri-syllabic hyper prosodic words have a single reduplication structure of ABB type without variant form, and they are less stable than disyllabic standard prosodic words, for they sometimes lose additional syllables and are solidified into disyllabic ones. Unlike Chinese, they do not have soft tone change in overlapping syllables.