神圣与狂欢:民办与官办四川彝族火把节符号的主客感知差异

Divinity and Carnival:Different Subjective and Objective Symbol Perceptions for Civilian-run and Official-run Torch Festival of Yi Ethnic Group in Sichuan

民族节庆既是旅游开发的重要资源,同时其作为非物质文化遗产具脆弱性及不可再生性。为促进民族节庆旅游的可持续发展,使民族节庆变迁限于当地人可接受范围内,论文对凉山彝族火把节符号的主客感知差异进行对比分析。研究采用基于网络游记、经典文献的内容分析,结果发现:(1)形式上看游客符号感知并非全程,而是选择性高潮;(2)符号引发的内心体验彝族人是"狂欢式神圣",而游客是"神圣式狂欢";(3)对符号的阐释,彝族人并不认同官方火把节的文化真实,大多数游客则并不介意体验的是舞台真实。据此对凉山彝族火把节开发提出三点建议:培育多元市场,满足游客对真实性的不同要求;尊重当地人意愿,赋予彝族人以一定的自主权;强化火把节的"神圣"内核,以生动有趣的方式更好传递文化内涵。

Ethnic festivals are both important resources for tourism development and fragile and nonrenewable intangible cultural heritages.In order to promote a sustainable development of ethnic festival tourism and make the changes of ethnic festivals acceptable to the local people,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the different subjective and objective perceptions for Torch Festival symbol of Yi ethnic group in Liangshan.Based on network travel notes and classical documents,the research shows that 1)in form,tourists do not have symbol perception through the whole process but in selective climax;2)the inner experience stimulated by the symbol is carnival divinity for Yi people,while,for tourists,it is divine carnival;and 3)as for the interpretation of the symbol,Yi people disagree with the cultural truth of the official-run festival,while most tourists do not mind to experience staged truth.Therefore,three suggestions are put forward that pluralistic markets should be developed to meet the different needs of tourists for authenticity;the local people’s will should be respected to give Yi people certain autonomy;and the divinity core of Torch Festival should be strengthened to transmit cultural connotation in a more vivid way.