隋唐君主可汗号比较研究

A Comparative Study of the Title of Monarch Khan of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

本文经由历史语言学及音韵学方法,交叉比对中古与近现代时期的突厥文、维吾尔文、蒙古文、满文及土耳其文等语文,尝试从历史文献、碑铭与当代汉学史家专著里逐一检视"莫缘可汗"汗号的缘起及其实际意义。作者认为,该称谓系启民可汗称颂隋文帝,使其获得重生且生活无虞,进而身膺突厥大可汗之汗位,职是之故,"莫缘"应就是古突厥语"Bay"(富、富裕、富有)一词的汉语音译。然而,相较于"天可汗"此一超越突厥大可汗地位的汗号,"莫缘可汗"汗号显示仅与突厥小可汗汗号一般,既未超越突厥大可汗地位,亦未如突厥大可汗地位,如何能号令北亚游牧世界?有关于此,本文有深入的分析与说明。

Using the methods of historical linguistics and phonology,and through a cross comparison of Turkic,Uyghur,Mongolian,Manchu and Turkish languages of the Middle Ages and the modern times,this paper attempts to make a study of the origin and actual meaning of the title of Moyuan Khan by checking historical documents,inscriptions and the works of contemporary historians of Sinology.The writer thinks that Qimin Khan used this title for he wanted to eulogize Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty who gave him a new and comfortable life and granted him the position of Turkic Great Khan.'Moyuan'should be the Chinese translation of'Bay'in ancient Turkic language which means affluence and rich.However,compared with the title of Heavenly Khan which is higher than Graet Turkic Khan,the title of Moyuan Khan is just like the title of Small Turkic Khan,neither higher nor more important than the position of Great Turkic Khan,so it is impossible for him to be the commander of the nomadic world of North Asia.This paper also makes an in-depth analysis and explanation for this.