草原畜牧业经营主体生产效率的比较研究——基于锡林郭勒盟入户调查数据

A Comparative Study of Production Efficiency of Management Main Bodies of Grassland Animal Husbandry——Based on Household Survey Data of Xilinguole League

近年来,我国牧区经营方式正在从传统的家庭承包经营逐渐向专业大户、家庭牧场、联户、合作社、畜牧业企业等新型经营主体经营方式转变。这对加速草牧场流转,扩大经营规模,吸收现代科技要素,提高规模效率和技术效率,推动牧区经济发展都具有十分重要的意义。本文以锡林郭勒盟入户调查数据为基础,采用DEA方法,对普通牧户①、合作社牧户②、家庭牧场③、合作社家庭牧场④四者的生产效率进行比较分析,通过对比得出,其生产效率由大到小依次为:合作社家庭牧场、家庭牧场、合作社牧户、普通牧户。本文认为培育家庭牧场以及各经营主体之间应建立利益联结机制,走合作化道路是提高生产效率的有效途径,以此为依据对不同经营主体提出了有针对性的政策建议。

In recent years,the management mode of pastoral areas in China is transferring from traditional household contract management to new types of management main bodies such as large and specialized household business,household ranch,associated household,cooperative and animal husbandry enterprise.This transformation is of significance to accelerating grassland transfer,enlarging operation scale,absorbing modern science and technology,enhancing scale and technological efficiencies,and promoting the economic development of pastoral areas.Based on household survey data and using DEA method,this paper makes a comparative study of the production efficiencies of ordinary herdsmen,cooperative herdsmen,household ranches and cooperative household ranches in Xilinguole League.The results show that the order of efficiency from big to small is as follows:cooperative household ranch,household ranch,cooperative herdsmen and ordinary herdsmen.It holds that efforts should be made to cultivate household ranches,benefit linkage mechanism should be established among management main bodies,and cooperation is an effective way to improve production efficiency.It also puts forward targeted policy suggestions for different management main bodies.