金末民族关系述论——从高庭玉、杨庭秀、韩玉之死说起

On Ethnic Relations in the Late Jin Dynasty——Talking about the Death of Gao Tingyu,Yang Tingxiu and Han Yu

金末面临内忧外患,宣宗时期诸多名士在紧张的民族关系局面下死于非命。金末民族关系的波动还表现在士人开始消极避世,割据势力林立,出现民族仇杀,非女真人殉国者少于女真人等方面。这种动荡源于女真统治者始终秉持的女真本位意识,并表现在制定不当民族政策,改变以往重儒方针等方面,蒙古崛起后对其他民族的拉拢是使金末民族关系出现波动的外力。从历史角度来看,金末民族关系的改变只是各民族交融过程中的插曲,并不影响宋辽金元时期的民族大融合趋势。

In the late Jin Dynasty,there were many internal and external troubles and many celebrities died of misfortune due to intense ethnic relations in the period of Emperor Xuanzong’s reign.The fluctuation of ethnic relations in the late Jin Dynasty was also manifested by scholars’passive avoidance of the society,a great number of separatists,appearance of ethnic revengeful murders,and less alien martyrs than Jurchen ones.The causes of the fluctuation were Jurchen-oriented consciousness upheld by Jurchen rulers,inappropriate ethnic policies,and changing the previous policy of emphasizing Confucianism.The external force of the fluctuation was Mongolia’s attraction to aliens after its rise.From the perspective of history,the change of ethnic relations in the late Jin Dynasty was only an interlude in the process of ethnic integration,which had no influence on the trend of ethnic integration in the Song,Liao,Jin and Yuan dynasties.