明珠家族佐领承袭初探——以明珠二世孙瞻岱满文奏折为中心的考察

A Study of Mingzhu Family’s Inheritance of Official Post——A Survey of Manchu Memorial to the Emperor by Zhandai,Mingzhu’s Great-grandson

康熙朝大学士明珠出自满洲著姓叶赫纳喇氏。分析乾隆二年十月明珠二世孙瞻岱的一份满文奏折,探讨明珠家族佐领承袭的背景、过程及变化,可以发现明珠一支在康、雍、乾三朝的势力消长。从根本上说,满洲著姓叶赫纳喇氏王系内部主要二支裔围绕佐领继承权展开的纷争,与康雍乾祖孙三代皇帝一向注重笼络满洲世家大族的既定国策是分不开的。

Grand Secretary Mingzhu in the Qing Dynasty was born from Yehnara family of Manchu.This paper makes an analysis of a Manchu memorial to the emperor written by Zhandai,Mingzhu’s greatgrandson in October of the second year of Emperor Qianlong’s reign and discusses the background,process and change of Mingzhu family’s inheritance of official post.The findings show the growth and decline of Mingzhu family’s power in the reigns of Emperor Kangxi,Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong.Basically,in Yehnara’s family of Manchu,there were disputes over the right to succession of official post between two main branches,which is related with the established national policy of three generations of emperor in the Qing Dynasty to win the support of Manchu big families.