国家建构与各民族共有精神家园建设——基于统一多民族国家建构中国话语的理论分析

State Building and the Construction of a Common Spiritual Home of All Ethnic Groups——A Theoretical Analysis of the Chinese Discourse of Constructing a Unified Multiethnic State

各民族共有精神家园是基于中国多民族国情、政情提出的统一多民族国家建构的重要话语,也是对新中国70年来统一多民族国家建设中各民族精神层面上形成的共同体的准确表述。其目标是从精神层面形成中华民族共同体的重要链接纽带和强健联系。各民族共有精神家园内含着中国国家建构的文化哲学、历史哲学和政治哲学,其以各民族交往交流交融,多元一体而形成中华文明为文化基础,以近现代史上各族人民的'爱国主义精神'与'命运共同体意识'结合形成的'民族精神共同体'为思想基础,以中国共产党各民族平等团结的理论、制度政策与成就为政治基础。中华人民共和国国家建构的五种逻辑,即文明型国家、社会主义国家、现代国家、超大规模的统一多民族国家,中国共产党的统一领导决定了各民族共有精神家园的形成以'五个认同'为核心内容、以社会主义核心价值观为基本价值、以社会主义民族关系、民族团结进步、多元一体的文化认同为实践路径得以构建与稳固。新时期国家治理现代化背景下,各民族共有精神家园建设须继往开来,结合时代精神,实现民族精神的现代化,进一步提升中华民族凝聚力与国家软实力。

A common spiritual home of all ethnic groups is an important discourse of constructing a unified multiethnic state proposed on the basis of China’s multiethnic condition and political situation.Its purpose is to carry out the'human heart project'in the state construction at the spiritual level and form important and strong links of Chinese nation’s community.From the perspective of historical institutionalism of comparative politics,a common spiritual home of all ethnic groups embodies cultural philosophy,historical philosophy and political philosophy of China’s state construction.Its cultural basis is interaction,exchange and blending of ethnic groups and the Chinese civilization of integrated pluralism;its ideological basis is national spiritual community formed by patriotism and the consciousness of a community with shared future of all ethnic groups in modern history;and its political basis is the theory,system and policy of the CPC for national equality and unity.The five logics of the state construction of the People’s Republic of China are civilized state,socialist state,modern state,ultra-large-scaled unified multiethnic country and the unified leadership of the CPC.Therefore,in forming a common spiritual home of all ethnic groups,the five identities are the core contents,the core socialist values arethe basic values,and socialist ethnic relation,national unity and progress and cultural identity of diversity and'integration arethe practice paths.Under the background of modernization of state governance in the new era,in the construction of a common spiritual home of all ethnic groups,efforts should be madeto inherit tradition and look forward into the future,achieve the modernization of national spirit based on the spirit of the time,and further strengthen the cohesion of the Chinese nation and the soft power of the country.