普通话单字音声调的统计分析

The Statistic Analysis of Mandarin Chinese Citation Tone

本文采用大样本统计的方法,运用新的T值公式分析了普通话单字音声调的统计特性,并在此基础上以性别(男/女)和家庭语言环境(新北京人/老北京人)为分组条件对数据进行了分组统计分析。结果显示:(1)根据普通话四个声调各个部分之间的离散程度,同样可以将其分为稳态段和动态段,并且普通话声调调位变体分布的差异主要在声调的动态段;(2)在影响声调的社会因素中性别因素的影响显著,女性的声调音高要普遍高于男性;(3)家庭语言环境在发音人产出普通话声调的内部一致性影响方面差异,新北京人讲普通话声调的内部一致性要普遍高于老北京人。

In this paper,statistical methods and the new T value formula are used in analyzing the properties of Mandarin Chinese citation tones.Gender(male/female)and home language environment(new/old Pekingese)are taken as two factors on grouped statistical analysis.The results show that:1)according to the discrete degree of the nine sampling points of four Mandarin Chinese citation tones,the tone contour can be divided into steady part and dynamic part.Mandarin tone variants are mainly different with each other on dynamic part;2)as one of the Social factors gender is an important factor,the tone contours of females are generally higher than males’;3)home language environment is an important factor for the internal consistency for new/old Pekingese who speak Mandarin Chinese,the internal consistency of new Pekingese are generally higher than the old.