朝鲜语舌叶齿龈擦音的EPG和声学分析

An Electropalatographic and Acoustic Study on Korean Alveolar Fricatives

朝鲜语的松、紧舌叶齿龈擦音对立在世界语言的语音中很少见。本文使用动态电子腭位(EPG)生理语音和声学方法分析中国延边朝鲜语的松、紧擦音的发音生理机制和声学特征。分析结果发现:(1)松、紧齿龈的动作控制机制存在差异。紧擦音的声门上发音器官的动作相对紧张;松擦音的发音器官动作相对松弛,舌形动作易受到元音舌位的影响。(2)紧擦音的谱重心明显高于松擦音的情况,频谱明显右偏;松擦音的谱重心较低,频谱右偏程度低于紧擦音。(3)紧擦音的声学时长显著长于松擦音的情况,且两类擦音的时长与后续元音的舌位高低有关,高元音条件下擦音的时长显著高于非高元音的情况;松擦音的摩擦段时长与送气段时长存在补偿关系。分析结果表明,朝鲜语紧擦音的声门上发音器官的动作紧张度要明显高于松擦音。

The fortis/lenis distinction in Korean fricatives is rarely found in the sounds of world languages.This paper conducted an electropalatographic and acoustic study on fortis/lenis fricatives in Yanbian Korean(China).Results showed that:(1)the articulatory control mechanism of the supralaryngeal articulators is different in the two fricatives.The tongue gesture for producing fortis fricatives was tense whereas lenis fricatives exhibited lax tongue gesture,due to the greater articulatory influence from the neighboring vocalic gesture.(2)The centroid frequency for the fortis fricative was significantly higher than the lenis fricative.More negative spectral skewness was found in the fortis fricative.(3)The duration of the fortis fricative was significantly longer than that of the lenis fricative,and their duration was dependent on the tongue height of the following vowels with high vowels incurring longer duration than non-high vowels.For the lenis fricative,durational compensation between the fricative and aspiration intervals was observed.The above results indicated that the supralaryngeal gesture for fortis fricatives is tenser than their lenis counterparts.