广东省某市124家加油站主要化学性危害因素及分布调查

Investigation on Main Chemical Hazard Factors of 124 Gas-stations and Their Distribution of A City in Guangdong Province

目的了解加油站主要化学性危害因素及分布特征,为职业病防治策略制订提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样法抽取广东省某市124家加油站,并对这些加油站进行职业卫生调查,检测作业场所有害化学物,组织124家加油站的860名作业人员进行职业健康检查;用两独立样本t检验比较加油工与收银员接触的各化学性有害因素的差异;用偏相关分析检验销售量与化学物浓度的相关性;用Pearson相关分析分析作业人员苯接触浓度与血液指标的相关性;不同性别作业人员体检结果的职业相关异常率差异用Fisher确切检验分析。结果加油工接触的正己烷(t=-5.899,P<0.05)、正戊烷(t=-7.942,P<0.05)、异戊烷(t=-9.805,P<0.05)、正庚烷(t=-2.672,P<0.05)、溶剂汽油(t=-3.551,P<0.05)的浓度高于收银员;95#汽油销售量与现场作业人员接触的苯(r=0.161,P=0.002)、正己烷(r=0.114,P=0.029)、正庚烷(r=0.102,P=0.049)浓度存在显著相关;98#汽油销售量与现场作业人员接触的苯(r=0.143,P=0.006)、正己烷(r=0.136,P=0.009)、正戊烷(r=0.144,P=0.006)、异戊烷(r=0.117,P=0.027)浓度存在显著相关;职业健康检查结果显示12.9%的作业人员出现职业相关异常,职业禁忌证发生率为1.9%,且不同性别的作业人员体检结果的职业相关异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加油站作业人员存在不同程度的苯、正己烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、正庚烷、溶剂汽油接触,接触化学物的浓度与岗位、油品销售量相关,且各化学危害因素对不同性别的作业人员的职业危害可能存在差异。

Objective To find out the main chemical hazard factors and their distribution characteristics in gas stations,and to provide the basis for the formulation of occupational disease prevention strategy.Methods About 124 gas stations were selected by stratified random sampling test.Occupational health survey and workplace testing were conducted in these stations.The 860 workers who were working in these 124 gas stations were organized for occupational health examination.Two independent samples t-test were used to compare the differences of chemical harmful factors between gas station attendants and cashiers.Partial correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between sales volume and chemical concentration.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between benzene exposure concentration and blood indicators,and Fisher’s accurate test was used to analyze the difference of occupational abnormality rate of physical examination results between workers of different genders.Results The concentration of n-hexane(t=-5.899,P<0.05),n-pentane(t=-7.942,P<0.05),isopentane(t=-9.805,P<0.05),n-heptane(t=-2.672,P<0.05),and solvent gasoline(t=-3.551,P<0.05)contacted by the refueling workers was higher than that of the cashier(P<0.05).The sales volume of 95#gasoline was significantly correlated with the concentration of benzene(r=0.161,P=0.002),n-hexane(r=0.114,P=0.029)and n-heptane(r=0.102,P=0.049)in contact with the workers,while the sales volume of 98#gasoline was significantly correlated with the concentration of benzene(r=0.143,P=0.006),n-hexane(r=0.136,P=0.009),n-pentane(r=0.144,P=0.006),isopentane(r=0.117,P=0.027)in contact with the workers.The results of occupational health examination showed that 12.9%of the workers had occupational-related abnormalities,the occupational contraindication rate was 1.9%,and there were significant differences in occupational-related abnormal rates among workers of different genders(P<0.05).Conclusion Thereare different degrees of benzene,nhexane,n-pentane,isopentane,n-heptane and solvent gasoline contact among gas station operators.The concentration of chemical exposures of gas station operators is related to the position and sales volume of oil products,and the occupational haxards of chemical hazards to workers of different genders may be different.