某汽车制造企业噪声作业工人听力损失影响因素分析

Risk factors related to occupational noise-induced hearing loss among workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise

[目的]了解某汽车制造企业接触噪声工人听力损失情况,探究职业性噪声听力损失的危险因素。[方法]选取某汽车制造企业暴露于职业性噪声超过一年的3411名工人为研究对象,对噪声作业工人开展问卷调查,对工作场所进行职业病危害因素检测。[结果]该企业有509人检出有听力损失,噪声性听力损失发生率为15.7%。听力损失组的接触噪声声级、接触噪声工龄、婚姻情况和工作班制情况与听力正常组相比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示:年龄、接噪工龄、接触噪声声级增大,听力损失的风险增高(OR=1.09～1.54,P <0.01);相比三班制,单一班制和两班制是听力损失的独立危险因素(OR=2.19、2.43,P <0.01或0.05)。[结论]汽车制造企业工作场所噪声危害不容忽视。企业应加强工作场所噪声治理,为噪声作业工人开展定期职业健康体检,实行科学健康的工作班制。

[Objective]To understand the occurrence of hearing loss among occupationally noise-exposed workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise,and to explore the risk factors.[Methods]A total of 3 411 workers who were exposed to occupational noise with time longer than 1 year in this enterprise were studied with questionnaire and their working environment was surveyed.[Results]Among 3 411 workers,509 workers were found with hearing loss and the incidence of noise-induced hearing loss in this enterprise was 15.7%.There were significant difference of noise exposure intensity and time,the workers’marriage status and arrangement of work shift between two groups(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that except for the workers’age,noise exposure level and noise exposure time(OR=1.09-1.54,P<0.01),single shift or two shifts system was also an independent risk factor for hearing loss(OR=2.19,2.43,P<0.01 or 0.05)compared with three shifts system.[Conclusion]The noise hazard at workplaces in automobile manufacturing enterprises could not be ignored.Enterprises should strengthen the control of workplace noise,conduct regular occupational health examinations for noise-exposed workers,and develop a scientific and healthy work schedule.