苍耳子挥发油对支气管哮喘大鼠气道炎症的影响

Effect of Volatile Oil from Xanthium sibiricum on Airway Inflammation of Rats with Bronchial Asthma

目的观察苍耳子挥发油对支气管哮喘模型大鼠Th1/Th2细胞因子及Th17/Treg细胞的调节作用,以探讨苍耳子挥发油对哮喘气道炎症的影响。方法将48只SD大鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,苍耳子挥发油低、中、高剂量组(7.5、15、30 mg·kg-1)及地塞米松组(0.5 mg·kg-1),每组8只。采用卵清蛋白(OVA)致敏并雾化吸入法诱发大鼠支气管哮喘模型;从第1次哮喘激发开始(造模后第4周),每次致敏前1 h通过喷雾给予苍耳子挥发油干预,共4周。采用HE染色观察大鼠支气管肺组织病理学变化;对肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞分类计数;采用ELISA法检测BALF中白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-5、IL-17、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;采用流式细胞仪测定大鼠脾脏Th17/Treg细胞比例。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠支气管壁周围有大量炎性细胞浸润,气道平滑肌厚度明显增加,管腔变窄扁平,基底膜增厚;模型组大鼠BALF中白细胞总数和嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞均明显升高(P <0.01),IL-2、IFN-γ水平明显下降(P <0.01),IL-4、IL-5、IL-17和TNF-α水平明显升高(P <0.01);模型组大鼠脾脏Th17细胞数明显增多、Treg细胞数明显下降(P <0.01)。与模型组比较,苍耳子挥发油各剂量组大鼠支气管炎症细胞浸润、气道平滑肌增生、气道壁厚度以及支气管狭窄程度均有改善;BALF中白细胞总数和嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞均明显降低(P <0.01),IL-2、IFN-γ水平明显升高(P <0.05,P <0.01),IL-4、IL-5、IL-17、TNF-α水平明显下降(P <0.05,P <0.01);大鼠脾脏的Th17细胞数明显减少、Treg细胞明显增加(P <0.05,P <0.01)。结论苍耳子挥发油能调节支气管哮喘大鼠Th1/Th2细胞因子和Th17/Treg细胞失衡的情况,抑制气道炎症反应,从而发挥改善哮喘发生、发展的作用。

Objective To observe the regulation effect of volatile oil from Xanthium sibiricum on Th1/Th2,Th17/Treg,and to discuss the influence on asthmatic airway inflammation.Methods Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,volatile oil from Xanthium sibiricum groups of 7.5,15,30 mg·kg-1 and dexamethasone group(0.5 mg·kg-1),8 rats in each group.Bronchial asthma model of rats were induced by ovalbumin(OVA)sensitization and aerosol inhalation.Starting from the first asthmatic stimulation(4 weeks since modeling),volatile oil of Xanthium sibiricum was administered 1 h before each sensitization by spraying.The treatment last for 4 weeks.Pathological changes of bronchopulmonary tissue were analyzed by HE staining.Leukocyte differential count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was recorded,levels of IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-17,IFN-,Results normal group,there were a lot of inflammatory cells infiltration around the bronchial wall,the thickness of airway smooth muscle significantly increased,the airway lumens became narrow and flat,and the basement membrane became thicker in the model group.The total number of white blood cells and eosinophils,lymphocytes and neutrophils in BALF of the model group rats increased significantly(P<0.01).Levels of IL-2 and IFN-γdecreased(P<0.01),levels of IL-4,IL-5,IL-17 and TNF-αspleen increased(P<0.01).Levels of Th17 increased and Treg decreased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the infiltration of bronchial inflammatory cells,proliferation of airway smooth muscle,thickness of airway wall and degree of bronchial stenosis were improved in all dose groups of Xanthium sibiricum volatile oil.The total number of white blood cells and eosinophils,lymphocytes and neutrophils in BALF of Xanthium sibiricum volatile oil groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01);and levels of IL-2 and IFN-γincreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),levels of IL-4,IL-5,IL-17,TNF-αdecreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),level of Th17 decreased(P<0.05)and Treg increased(P<0.01).Conclusion Volatile oil from Xanthium sibiricum can regulate Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg,it can inhibit airway inflammation,relieve the happening and progression of asthma.