野生云南肉豆蔻种子形态变异与脂肪酸组成分析

Morphological variations and fatty acid composition of seed from wild Myristica yunnanensis Y. H. Li

以云南省景洪市基诺乡天然林中的云南肉豆蔻种子为材料,进行种子表型性状、含油率和脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明:这一居群内22株树的种长为34. 73～45. 89 mm,种宽为20. 36～26. 54mm,单粒重为7. 67～16. 86 g,种仁含油率为6. 37%～15. 83%;通过GC及GC-MS分析,种仁油中共检测到14种常见脂肪酸,即十二烷酸(C12∶0)、十三烷酸(C13∶0)、十四烷酸(C14∶0)、十五烷酸(C15∶0)、十六碳烯酸(C16∶1)、十六烷酸(C16∶0)、十七烷酸(C17∶0)、十八碳二烯酸(C18∶2)、十八碳烯酸(C18∶1)、十八烷酸(C18∶0)、二十碳烯酸(C20∶1)、二十烷酸(C20∶0)、二十二烷酸(C22∶0)、二十四烷酸(C24∶0),其中十八碳烯酸发现位置异构现象,即C18∶1(9)和C18∶1(11)。十四烷酸相对含量为53. 58%～62. 52%,均值为58. 73%,是含量最高的脂肪酸。

With Myristica yunnanensis Y.H.Li from natural forest in Jinuo,Jinghong,Yunnan as material,the morphological variations of seed and oil content among 22 wild individuals were investigated,and the fatty acid compositions were analyzed by GC and GC-MS.The results showed that the ripe dry seeds were 34.73-45.89 mm in length,20.36-26.54 mm in wide,7.67-16.86 g in single seed weight,and 6.37%-15.83%in seed kernel oil content.Fourteen kinds of fatty acids were detected from the seed kernel oil,including lauric acid(C12∶0),tridecoic acid(C13∶0),myristic acid(C14∶0),pentadecoic acid(C15∶0),hexadecenoic acid(C16∶1),palmitic acid(C16∶0),heptadecylic acid(C17∶0),octadecadienoic acid(C18∶2),linoleic acid(C18∶1),stearic acid(C18∶0),eicosenoic acid(C20∶1),arachic acid(C20∶0),docosanoic acid(C22∶0)and tetracosanoic acid(C24∶0),in which the linoleic acid(C18∶1)contained two kinds of isomers—C18∶1(9)and C18∶1(11).The content of myristic acid(C14∶0)was the highest with content range 53.58%-62.52%and mean value58.73%.