云南引种乳木果现状及乳木果油脂肪酸组成分析

Current situation of Vitellaria paradoxa introduced to Yunnan and fatty acid composition of shea butter

乳木果适生于干旱或半干旱的环境,是科研及应用价值极高的木本油料植物。对引种地53年生乳木果树的生长状况及其种仁油乳木果油脂肪酸组成进行研究。结果表明:乳木果树能很好地适应云南干热河谷型生境,53年生乳木果树的平均胸径为28. 0 cm,西南坡长势最好,明显优于南坡、西坡和山顶;人工种植的乳木果树提前10年挂果,种仁含油率高于原产地,达60%;乳木果油脂肪酸组成及含量基本与原产地相同,主要为硬脂酸46. 80%、油酸42. 22%、亚油酸5. 41%。云南干热河谷型生境适合乳木果种植。

Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn. is suitable for arid or semi-arid environments,and it is an oil tree with high scientific merit and application value. The growth condition of 53 year old V. paradoxa tree was investigated and fatty acid composition of shea butter was measured. The results showed that the V. paradoxa could be well adapt to habitat of Yunnan dry-hot valley region,and the average DBH was 28. 0 cm. The growth vigor of the tree grew on southwest slope was the best,signally better than those grew on the south slope,west slope and mountaintop. Artificially planted trees bore fruit before it’s time for ten years,and the oil content in kernel was 60%,higher than the country of origin. Fatty acids composition and content of shea butter were the same as the origin,and the main ingredients were stearic acid (46. 80%),oleic acid (42. 22%),and linoleic acid (5. 41%). Yunnan dry-hot valley region was suitable for planting V. paradoxa.