朱光潜论自然美——从自然“不美”到作为“美的条件”

Zhu Guangqian's Arguments on Natural Beauty : from Nature “Unbeautiful” to “Conditions of Beauty”

自然美问题已经成为当代环境美学体系建构的核心命题。以康德、黑格尔为代表的德国古典美学认为自然"不美",而当代环境美学的代表人物卡尔松则认为"自然全美"。中国现代美学史上的朱光潜是较早系统阐述自然美的美学家之一。他在时代激荡的大潮中不断丰富和发展自己关于自然美的理解和认识:一方面通过质疑自然美来展示形式主义美学的立论依据和角度,另一方面又通过确认自然美中的合理部分来推进"美学大讨论"的唯物性和辩证性。而更重要的是,朱光潜对自然美的讨论不仅契合和推动了中国现代美学的发展进程,而且对理解和厘清当代环境美学中有关自然美的论争也具有极为重要的启示意义。

The issue of natural beauty has become the core proposition of the construction of contemporary environmental aesthetics.German classical aesthetics represented by Kant and Hegel thought that nature was'not beautiful',while karlsson,a representative of contemporary environmental aesthetics,thought that nature was'all-beautiful'.Zhu Guangqian was one of the early aestheticians who expounded the natural beauty systematically in the history of modern Chinese aesthetics.He constantly enriched and developed his understanding and knowledge of natural beauty.On the one hand,he demonstrated the theoretical basis and perspective of formalism aesthetics by questioning natural beauty;on the other hand,he promoted the materialism and dialectics of'the great discussion of aesthetics'by confirming the reasonable part of natural beauty.More importantly,Zhu Guangqian’s discussion on natural beauty not only fits in with and promotes the development process of modern Chinese aesthetics,but also produced important enlightenment for understanding and clarifying the controversies on natural beauty in contemporary environmental aesthetics.