从“经验事实”到“哲学营养”——论冯友兰的中国文化观

From “Empirical Fact” to “Philosophical Nutrition”:Feng Youlan’s View on Chinese Culture

面对中西文化矛盾冲突,冯友兰以'旧邦新命'为己任,致力于对中国文化的阐释和维护。在西方文化强势进入、中国文化生死存亡之际,他提出中国文化是世界文化的一部分,是一种文化'经验材料'的客观存在,理应被研究,不能被抛弃,中国文化作为一个文化个体对世界文化有着特殊贡献。在文化的民族性和现代化问题上,冯友兰以民族性的视角,指出中国文化具有很强的民族特性,是中华民族情感所系,中国文化蕴含着与西方哲学不同内容和特质的哲学内容。冯友兰始终以发展的眼光看待文化问题,认为文化发展是一个历史延续的过程,中国传统文化将为新文化的发展提供营养,我们对待传统文化应坚持抽象继承,探索一条独具特色的发展道路。冯友兰为维护旧邦的统一及发展新文化所做的努力对于我们今天的文化建设具有重要启示。

Facing the conflict between Chinese and Western cultures,Feng Youlan took the old state and new life as his duty and devoted himself to the interpretation and maintenance of Chinese culture.He put forward that Chinese culture,as an indispensable part of the world culture,was an objective existence of cultural'empirical materials'which should be further studied.On the issue of nationality and modernization of culture,Feng Youlan insisted that Chinese culture,with obvious national characteristics,reflected Chinese people’s emotion and philosophy different from that in the western culture from the perspective of nationality.Feng Youlan has always looked at cultural issues from the perspective of development and regarded development as a process of historical continuity.Currently,we should adhere to this inheritance when dealing with Chinese traditional culture by exploring a unique way of culture development since Feng Youlan’s efforts in maintaining the unity of the old state and developing the new culture has significant implications for our present cultural construction.