中国人的出走意识——从《硕鼠》到《桃花源记》再到《水浒传》

The Escape Consciousness of the Chinese

中国封建社会中,每当社会矛盾尖锐时,中国人就会萌生"出走"意识。《硕鼠》中的乐土描述的是劳动者的乐园;《桃花源记》中的桃花源是知识分子的精神家园;而"水浒"则反映了江湖士人的政治梦想。这些文本中的出走意识有三个特点:主人公的出走是被迫的;出走对主人公的生命精神起着有益的保护作用;出走的妥协性决定了其悲剧性。

In the long history of Chinese feudal society,an escape consciousness may sprout whenever the social contradictions become sharp and the Chinese people have the difficulties to live on. 'Field Mouse'depicts an Eden of the working people while 'Peach- Blossom Source'can be taken as the spiritual haven for the intellectuals,and the 'Water Margin'is a reflection of political dreams of the discarded intellectuals. The escape consciousness conveyed by the above contexts shows three characteristics: First,the hero's escape is compelled. Second,the escape has a protecting function for the hero's life,both biological and spiritual. Third,the compromising characteristic of the escape defines its tragic nature.