社会化服务:新时代中国特色农业现代化的关键——基于理论与政策的梳理

Socialized Services: The Key of the Agricultural Modernization with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era——Based on a Review of Theory and Policy

解决小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接的问题将成为新时代中国特色农业现代化的核心问题,但其具体的实现路径还有待深入的理论分析与实践检验。我国农业发展实践和理论研究表明,基于土地流转的农业适度规模经营尽管取得了巨大成功,但它仅仅是农业生产效率提升的充分不必要条件,而基于农业社会化服务的适度规模经营才是农业生产效提升的充要条件。为此,新时代中国农业现代化道路的战略重心应从推进土地流转向加强农业社会化服务转变,这对丰富中国特色农业现代化理论、把握农业社会化服务发展的新形势和完善农业实现多种形式适度规模经营的政策体系等具有重大意义。而系统梳理农业社会化服务的内涵特征及相关政策演化可以发现,已有研究尚不能满足有效指导农业改革发展实践的需要,但为进一步的理论探索创造了新的研究空间。

The core problem of the agricultural modernization with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era will be how to resolve the effective connection between the smallholder and the development of agricultural modernization. But the specific realization path still needs to be deeply analyzed with theory and test. The forty years’ agricultural development practice and theoretical research after the reform and opening up showed that though the appropriate scale operations of agriculture based on land transfer had been a great success, it is just the sufficient and unnecessary condition to the agricultural production efficiency promotion, while the appropriate scale operations based on the agricultural socialized services is truly the sufficient and necessary condition. Thus, the strategic key point of the agricultural modernization with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era should exchange from promoting land transfer to enhancing agricultural socialized services, which will have great significance on enriching theories of agricultural modernization with Chinese Characteristics, grasping the new situations of agricultural socialized services development and improving the agricultural policy system of realizing diversified and scale agriculture operations. Through systematic literature review about the agricultural socialized services’ characteristics and connotation, supply and demand, policy development and influence mechanism to agricultural production efficiency, it is found that the existing researches cannot satisfy the agriculture reform practice’s need from concept, method, object, content and so on. But it will create new research chances for further theoretical exploration.