分享经济中收入分配模式的政治经济学分析——以我国互联网专车行业为例

A Political Economic Analysis of the Income Distribution Mode of Sharing Economy——Taking the Internet Taxi Industry in China as an Example

分享经济的初衷是改善资源配置效率从而提高社会整体的分配效益,是在个人所有制的基础上分享使用权从而提高劳动者在收入分配中的占比。但在实际发展中,分享经济的模式受到了金融资本的过度追捧,尤其是在互联网专车行业,分享经济的经济模式所引发的剥削率提升问题尤为显著。本文采用问卷调查法和深度访谈法,对特定的北京市互联网专车平台及其从业司机的收入分配模式进行了分析,论证了在分享经济的收入分配模式中,其剥削率的提升来自于平台的垄断和资本的逐利性,只有建立有利于分享经济健康发展的目标和路径,才能充分保障其改善收入分配的机制畅通。

The original intention of sharing economy is to improve the efficiency of resource allocation and thus improve the overall distribution efficiency of the society. Sharing the right to use personal ownership increases the proportion of labor in income distribution. However, in realistic development, the mode of sharing economy has been over-purchased by financial capital, especially in the Internet taxi industry. The problem of increasing exploitation rate caused by the economic mode of sharing economy is particularly significant. This paper uses the questionnaire survey method and the in-depth interview method to analyze the income distribution pattern of the specific Beijing Internet taxi platform and its drivers. It demonstrates that in the income distribution mode of the sharing economy, the increase of the exploitation rate comes from the platform. The monopoly and the profit-seeking nature of capital suggest that only by establishing a goal and a path that are conducive to the healthy development of the sharing economy, can we fully guarantee its mechanism of improving income distribution.