中国基层卫生机构的恶性肿瘤筛查分析现状

Current situation of cancer screening in primary health setting in China

近几十年,中国肿瘤的发病率和死亡率均持续升高,造成的健康负担日益沉重。在社区推广合理有效的肿瘤筛查服务,可以满足居民对恶性肿瘤筛查的迫切需求,降低晚期恶性肿瘤的发病率,减轻癌症负担。目前,中国基层卫生机构已开展了肺癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、胃癌和食管癌等筛查实践,但社区内对不同癌种的多种筛查方案仍缺乏统一评价。本文通过回顾已有文献,对中国社区癌症筛查服务的组织方式、常见癌症的筛查效果及成本进行综述,旨在为国内基层卫生机构开展肿瘤筛查服务提供更加直观的参照依据。

In recent decades,the incidence and mortality rates of cancer have kept increasing in China,resulting in heavier health burden.Promoting reasonable and effective cancer screening services in community will meet the urgent needs of residents for cancer screening,decrease the incidence rate of advanced cancer,and reduce the burden of cancer.At present,the primary health setting in China has carried out screening practice for lung cancer,colorectal cancer,cervical cancer,breast cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer and esophageal cancer,but there is still a lack of combined evaluation of various screening methods for different types of cancer in community.This article reviews the existing literature in order to summarize the organization of cancer screening services in community and the effectiveness and cost of screening common cancers,aiming to provide a more intuitive reference for cancer screening services in domestic primary health setting.