乳腺癌骨转移分子机制的研究进展

Progress in molecular mechanisms of breast cancer bone metastasis

骨是晚期乳腺癌的常见转移部位,可能引起病理性骨折、高钙血症和脊髓压迫等骨相关事件,严重影响患者的生活质量。然而,当前乳腺癌骨转移的机制尚未完全明确,除放疗和手术等局部治疗手段外,尚无有效的针对性治疗措施。因此本综述重点探讨了乳腺癌骨转移的分子机制及其研究进展,以期为进一步研发有效的靶向治疗药物奠定基础。本文首先阐述了骨转移涉及的侵袭及转移级联等一系列复杂的变化过程,并详细分析了其中促使肿瘤细胞快速增殖的正反馈'恶性循环';而后着重探讨了雌激素受体在骨转移中的作用机制;最后总结了最新的临床研究进展,以及乳腺癌骨转移未来的研究方向。

Bone metastasis is common for advanced breast cancer,and can cause pathologic fractures,hypercalcemia,spinal cord compression and other skeletal-related events.The life quality of patients with bone metastasis will be seriously affected.But for now,the mechanism of breast cancer bone metastasis is not clear.As a result,there are no effective and targeted treatments,except the locoregional therapy such as radiation therapy and surgery.Therefore,this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer bone metastasis in order to lay a foundation for further research of effective targeted therapy.Firstly,in this review,a complex succession of invasionmetastasis cascade in bone metastasis is expounded,and the positive feedback'vicious cycle'promoting the milignant proliferation of tumor cells is expatiated.Then the estrogen receptor mediating mechanism of bone metastasis is discussed.In the end,the recent advances in clinical research of breast cancer bone metastasis and the forward future research directions are summarized.