我国稻谷真菌区系调查及其演替规律的研究

A Survey of Paddy Fungus Flora in China and Some Researches in its Evolutional Laws

从田间黄熟期到储藏两年的稻谷上,共分离鉴定出真菌30属、84种.其中优势菌26种,常见菌39种,少见菌19种.黄熟期稻谷和新收入库稻谷上,均以兼寄生的田间真菌为优势菌,腐生的储藏真菌极少.新稻谷上带菌量为10~2～10~5个孢子/克稻谷,以长江中下游地区早稻的带菌量为最高;储藏两年后,田间真菌减少直至消失,藏储真菌逐渐增加,而后又减少.与此同时,稻谷的发芽率降低,脂肪酸值、还原糖、碘蓝值升高,但其食用品质不变.

We have successfully separated and identified,from the ripening paddy in the field to the paddy stored for two years, 84 species of fungi belonging to 30 genera, among which there are 26 dominant species, 39 common ones and 19 rare ones.On both the ripening paddy and the paddy fresh harvested and stored,we find the symbiotic and parasitic field fungi to be the dominant while saprophytic storage fungi are seldom discovered. The number of the fungi on the fresh-harvested paddy is 102-105 spores per gram of grain, with the early rice grown in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River being the highest in it. After two years of storage, the number of field fungi decreases all the way to final disappearance while the number of storage fungi increases gradually and then shows a declining tendency.And at the same time, the sprouting rate of the paddy diminishes, whereas its fatty acid value,reduced carbohydrate and iodine blue value rise, with its edibility unchanged.