城市景观及城市景观生态研究的重点

Urban Landscape and the Focuses in Urban Landscape Ecological Research

提出城市景观具有人类主导性、生态脆弱性和景观破碎性3大特点,城市景观的斑块、廊道和本底等结构成分和组成要素,具有显著特点。城市景观中的物质流、能量流、人口流和信息流等,是维持城市景观结构的主要功能流。可以从景观整体、景观结构成分和景观格局、景观功能等多个方面,应用景观生态学原理和方法,开展城市景观生态研究。城市景观异质性,在维持城市结构和功能的可持续性方面,发挥着重要作用,在城市景观生态研究和规划实践中,都应将维护和提高城市景观异质性作为焦点问题之一,给予充分重视。

As a whole landscape ecological system, urban landscape possesses obviously three characteristics of human dominance, ecological fragility and landscape fragmentation. Its structural components of patches, corridors and matrix have their own distinctive features that different from the components in other landscapes. The flow of material, energy, population, information and species in urban landscape are the primary functional flows sustaining the urban structure and functions. Applying principles and methodology developed in landscape ecology, urban landscape can be studied at levels of integrative landscape and structural component, and in many aspects of landscape pattern and landscape function or process. It is also emphasized that the heterogeneous property of the urban landscape plays an important role in maintaining the sustainability of urban landscape structure and functions. Therefore, maintaining and promoting the landscape heterogeneity should be considered as a focus issue in urban landscape study and practical landscape planning.