运动员全运会比赛压力应对干预的实验研究

Experimental Study of Stress Coping Intervening in National Games for Athletes

本研究采用实验法,对参加第十一届全国运动会的某省武术套路运动员进行研究。旨在启发运动员面对压力,合理认知评价,积极应对;在全运会比赛中稳定发挥运动技术水平。研究结果显示,相对于控制组而言,干预组后测在"比赛失利"和"内外压力"两个压力因子方面得分显著低于控制组;干预组后测在"克制性应对"、"求助宗教"、"主动应对"、"情绪宣泄"等四个因子方面得分显著高于控制组,在"忍受"应对因子得分显著低于控制组;放松训练(以生理相干与自主平衡系统的软件(SPCS),通过对心率变异性的测量和训练)提高了干预组运动员自主神经系统调节能力;干预组运动员全运会比赛成绩总分显著高于控制组。结果提示:压力应对干预启发运动员面对生活、训练和比赛等各类事件合理认知评价;面对压力采取积极的应对策略,具备了一定的自主神经系统的调节能力;在全运会比赛中稳定发挥,取得了好成绩。

By the method of experimentation, a study was conducted on Wushu routine players in a certain province, who have participated in the 11 th National Games. It aims at enlightening the players to comprehend stress, to obtain rational cognitive appraising and to cope with it positively, so that stable performance in the National Games can be ensured.The results indicated that compared to the control group, lower level in the stress factors of' failure in competition'and 'internal and external stresses' were revealed in posttest scoring of the intervention group; significantly higher levels in the coping factors of 'initiative coping','emotional venting','turning to religion' and 'restraint coping' were found in the posttest scoring of the intervention group, whereas lower level was found for the factor of 'tolerating'; relaxation training raised the adjusting ability of the autonomic nervous system among the players in the intervention group(by physiological coherence and SPCS, measurement and training were made on HRV); and the total score of the players in intervention group was much higher than that in the control group.The findings implies that stress coping intervention has the positive effects including rationally assessing the event in the daily life, training and competition, adopting positive coping strategies while facing stress and so on,which means the intervention has its adjusting function for the autonomic nervous system and can help with the stable performance of the player for their best play.